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COVID-19のアウトカムに対する歯周病と肥満の相加効果
Additive Effect of Periodontal Disease and Obesity on COVID-19 Outcomes.
PMID: 34271846
抄録
本研究は、肥満における歯周病がCOVID-19の感染と関連するアウトカムに与える影響を検討することを目的としています。このレトロスペクティブ縦断研究では、2020年3月から2021年2月の間にCOVID-19の検査を受けた58,897人のUK Biobank参加者を対象としました。自己申告の口腔健康指標(歯ぐきの出血、歯ぐきの痛み、歯の抜け)を歯周病の代替指標とした。体脂肪レベルは体格指数(BMI)で定量化し、普通体重(18.5~24.9kg/m)、過体重(25~29.9kg/m)、肥満(30kg/m以上)に分類した。多変量ロジスティック回帰モデルおよびCox比例ハザードモデルを用いて、参加者の人口統計および共変量を調整し、COVID-19感染、入院、死亡のリスクを定量化した。58,897 名の参加者のうち,14,466 名(24.6%)が COVID-19 感染症の陽性反応を示した.COVID-19感染症は,体重過多(オッズ比1.18,95%CI,1.12~1.24)および肥満(オッズ比1.33,95%CI,1.26~1.41)の参加者では,正常体重の参加者に比べて高かったが,感染症は歯周病の影響を受けなかった.歯周病のある肥満群では,歯周病のない群に比べて入院率が57%高く(ハザード比,1.57;95%CI,1.25~1.97),入院率はBMI区分に応じて上昇した(普通体重,4.4%,過体重,6.8%,肥満,10.1%)。また、死亡率もBMI区分に応じて上昇しました(普通体重1.9%、過体重3.17%、肥満4.5%)。また、肥満のある参加者では、歯周病のない参加者に比べて、死亡率が非常に高かった(ハザード比、3.11;95%CI、1.91~5.06)。肥満は入院率や死亡率の上昇と関連しており、歯周病はこの影響を悪化させる可能性があります。今回の結果は、医療従事者、政策立案者、および一般市民に対して、歯科医療サービスのシームレスな提供や公的な口腔保健予防の取り組みを通じて、良好な口腔保健状態を維持することの重要性を伝えることができる。
This study aims to examine the impact of periodontal disease in obesity on COVID-19 infection and associated outcomes. This retrospective longitudinal study included 58,897 UK Biobank participants tested for COVID-19 between March 2020 and February 2021. Self-reported oral health indicators (bleeding gums, painful gums, and loose teeth) were used as surrogates for periodontal disease. Body fat levels were quantified by body mass index (BMI) and categorized as normal weight (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m), overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m), and obese (≥30 kg/m). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to quantify risk of COVID-19 infection, hospital admission, and mortality, adjusted for participants' demographics and covariates. Of 58,897 participants, 14,466 (24.6%) tested positive for COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 infection was higher for participants who were overweight (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.24) and obese (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.41) as compared with those of normal weight, but infection was not affected by periodontal disease. The hospital admission rate was 57% higher (hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.97) in the obese group with periodontal disease than without periodontal disease, and admission rates increased with BMI category (normal weight, 4.4%; overweight, 6.8%; obese, 10.1%). Mortality rates also increased with BMI category (normal weight, 1.9%; overweight, 3.17%; obese, 4.5%). In addition, for participants with obesity, the mortality rate was much higher (hazard ratio, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.91 to 5.06) in participants with periodontal disease than those without. Obesity is associated with higher hospitalization and mortality rates, and periodontal disease may exacerbate this impact. The results could inform health providers, policy makers, and the general public of the importance to maintain good oral health through seamless provision of dental services and public oral health prevention initiatives.