歯周病学と妊娠。生物医学的および疫学的証拠の概要

Periodontology and pregnancy: An overview of biomedical and epidemiological evidence.

抄録

女性は、特に妊娠中に歯肉の問題を発症しやすい。また、妊婦の歯周病は、母体と乳児の両方に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があり、臨床的にも公衆衛生的にも重大な意味を持っています。この2つのシナリオは広く研究されており、歯周病の健康に関して重要かつ脆弱な集団として妊婦に注目が集まっています。妊婦のホルモンの変化による歯肉の炎症の増加は、1960年代から研究され、記録されてきましたが、正確な病因は完全には解明されていません。妊娠中の歯周病と妊娠中の有害な転帰との関係については、相反する証拠があるため、あまり実証されていない。この生物医学的・疫学的文献のレビューでは、この関係の両面を概観し、妊娠中の歯周病発症の潜在的なメカニズムと、歯周病が妊娠中の有害な転帰につながるメカニズムの提案について検討しています。

Women are particularly susceptible to developing gingival problems during pregnancy. In addition, periodontal disease in pregnant women may lead to adverse outcomes for both mother and infant, which have serious clinical and public health implications. Both scenarios have been extensively researched, helping to bring attention to pregnant women as an important and vulnerable population as it concerns periodontal health. The increase in gingival inflammation caused by hormonal changes in pregnant women is undisputed and has been studied and documented since the 1960s, although the exact etiology is not fully understood. The relationship between periodontal disease during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes is less substantiated, because of conflicting evidence. This review of the biomedical and epidemiologic literature provides an overview of both sides of this relationship and examines the potential mechanisms for developing periodontal disease during pregnancy and the proposed mechanisms by which periodontal disease leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes.