アボカド種子抽出物の化学組成、毒性および幼虫殺虫・抗真菌活性（英文

Chemical composition, toxicity and larvicidal and antifungal activities of Persea americana (avocado) seed extracts.

• João Jaime Giffoni Leite
• Erika Helena Salles Brito
• Rossana Aguiar Cordeiro
• Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
• José Júlio Costa Sidrim
• Luciana Medeiros Bertini
• Selene Maia de Morais
• Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha

抄録

本研究の目的は，アボカド種子のヘキサンおよびメタノール抽出物のアルテミアサリナに対する毒性，Aedes aegyptiに対する殺幼虫活性，Candida spp，Cryptococcus neoformansおよびMalassezia pachydermatisに対するin vitro抗真菌力をマイクロダイリューション法を用いて検討することであった。Artemia salinaに対する毒性試験では，アボカド種子から抽出したヘキサン抽出物のLC50は2.37 mg mL-1，メタノール抽出物のLC50は24.13 mg mL-1であり，アボカド種子から抽出したヘキサン抽出物のLC50は2.37 mg mL-1であった。また，Aedes aegypti幼虫に対するLC50は，ヘキサン抽出物で16.7 mg mL-1，メタノール抽出物で8.87 mg mL-1であった。また，ヘキサン抽出物の最小阻害濃度は，Candida spp株，Cryptococcus neoformans株，Malassezia pachydermatis株について，それぞれ0.625～1.25mg L-(1)，0.312～0.625mg mL-1，0.031～0.625mg mL-1であった。また，メタノール抽出物の最小阻害濃度は，Candida spp.株で0.125～0.625 mg mL-1，Cryptococcus neoformansで0.08～0.156 mg mL-1，Malassezia pachydermatisで0.312～0.625 mg mL-1であり，Cryptococcus neoformansで0.08～0.156 mg mL-1，Malassezia pachydermatisで0.312～0.625 mg mL-1であった。

The present study had the aim of testing the hexane and methanol extracts of avocado seeds, in order to determine their toxicity towards Artemia salina, evaluate their larvicidal activity towards Aedes aegypti and investigate their in vitro antifungal potential against strains of Candida spp, Cryptococcus neoformans and Malassezia pachydermatis through the microdilution technique. In toxicity tests on Artemia salina, the hexane and methanol extracts from avocado seeds showed LC50 values of 2.37 and 24.13 mg mL-1 respectively. Against Aedes aegypti larvae, the LC50 results obtained were 16.7 mg mL-1 for hexane extract and 8.87 mg mL-1 for methanol extract from avocado seeds. The extracts tested were also active against all the yeast strains tested in vitro, with differing results such that the minimum inhibitory concentration of the hexane extract ranged from 0.625 to 1.25mg L-(1), from 0.312 to 0.625 mg mL-1 and from 0.031 to 0.625 mg mL-1, for the strains of Candida spp, Cryptococcus neoformans and Malassezia pachydermatis, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration for the methanol extract ranged from 0.125 to 0.625 mg mL-1, from 0.08 to 0.156 mg mL-1 and from 0.312 to 0.625 mg mL-1, for the strains of Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and Malassezia pachydermatis, respectively.