日本における手術（キンソ治療）の起源

[The origination of surgery (Kinso treatment) in Japan].

• Shigeru Sugiyama

抄録

奈良時代から平安時代末期、鎌倉時代初期にかけて、日本の人口は稲作の増加により50％増加しました。このような食糧生産の拡大は社会構造の変化をもたらし、武力を掌握していた者が地方の大名になる機会を提供しました。その過程で多くの戦争が行われ、金草（剣や槍などの武器による傷）の治療法が開発され、当時の人々が開発してきた漢方薬を駆使して、仁宗（軍に同行する僧侶・医師）が通うようになりました。戦国時代には、多くの武将が鎮守を戦場に連れてくることが習慣となりました。壬生の多くは教養のある人が多かったため、囲碁や連歌の知識を生かして武将たちを楽しませていました。彼らの才能と訓練は、能、歌舞伎、茶道、土器製作など、いわゆる伝統芸能の多くを生み出しました。

From the Nara period through to the end of the Heian and early Kamakura periods, the population of Japan grew by 50% thanks to increases in rice cultivation. Such expanded food production resulted in changes in the social structure providing opportunities to those in control of armed forces to become local feudal lords. Many wars fought in the process necessitated the development of treatment methods for Kinso (wounds caused by swords, spears, and similar weapons), to which Jinsoes (Buddhist monks/doctors that accompanied troops) attended, making extensive use of herbal medicine that had been developed by the people of the time. Many war commanders brought Jinsoes to battle fields, which became a custom during the Sengoku (warring) period. As many of the Jinsoes were well educated, they also served as entertainers to the commanders through their knowledge in Go or Renga (a game involving popular poetical verses). Their talents and training eventually resulted in many of the so called traditional arts including Noh, Kabuki, tea ceremony and earthenware production.