禁煙期間および累積喫煙曝露と歯周炎との関連

Associations of duration of smoking cessation and cumulative smoking exposure with periodontitis.

• Fernando O Costa
• Luís O M Cota
• Eugênio J P Lages
• Renata M Cyrino
• Alcione M S D Oliveira
• Peterson A D Oliveira
• José R Cortelli

抄録

この横断的研究では、累積喫煙暴露および禁煙期間と歯周炎との関連を調査し、これらの関連に及ぼす生物学的、行動的、社会的リスク変数の影響を評価した。サンプルは、全口唇歯周検査を受けた両性の成人705人（年齢、35～65歳）であった。被験者を喫煙状況に応じて非喫煙者、元喫煙者、現喫煙者に分類し、一変量解析および多変量解析を用いて歯周炎の有病率と潜在的なリスク変数との関連を評価した。非喫煙者、元喫煙者、現喫煙者における歯周炎の発生率はそれぞれ25.6％、29.3％、45.1％であった。その他の歯周病リスク変数を調整した後の歯周炎のオッズ比（95％信頼区間）は、元喫煙者で3.09（1.98-4.92）、現喫煙者で5.24（2.61-8.97）であった。喫煙年数と歯周炎有病率の間には有意な用量反応関係が観察され、禁煙年数が増加するにつれて歯周炎リスクは有意に減少した。累積喫煙暴露および禁煙期間は歯周炎と有意に関連していた。

This cross-sectional study investigated associations of cumulative smoking exposure and duration of smoking cessation with periodontitis and evaluated the effects of biological, behavioral, and social risk variables on these associations. The sample comprised 705 adults of both sexes (age, 35-65 years) who underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination. Subjects were classified according to smoking status as nonsmokers, former smokers, and current smokers, and univariate and multivariate analysis was used to evaluate associations between periodontitis prevalence and potential risk variables. The rates of periodontitis among nonsmokers, former smokers, and current smokers were 25.6%, 29.3%, and 45.1% respectively. After adjusting for other periodontal risk variables the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for periodontitis was 3.09 (1.98-4.92) for former smokers and 5.24 (2.61-8.97) for current smokers. A significant dose-response relationship between pack-years of smoking and periodontitis prevalence was observed, as was a significant decrease in the risk of periodontitis as years of smoking cessation increased. Cumulative smoking exposure and duration of smoking cessation were significantly associated with periodontitis.