Atriplex inflataのMolluscicidal and LARVICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF AERIAL PARTS INTO THE MOLLUSK Galba truncatula, INTERMEDIATE HOST OF Fasciola hepatica

MOLLUSCICIDAL AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF Atriplex inflata AERIAL PARTS AGAINST THE MOLLUSK Galba truncatula, INTERMEDIATE HOST OF Fasciola hepatica.

• Néjia Hamed
• Fatma Njeh
• Mohamed Damak
• Ali Ayadi
• Raoudha Mezghani-Jarraya
• Hayet Hammami

抄録

筋膜症は、多くの開発途上国で農場の家畜に広く寄生している。このため、フリュークに起因する寄生病に対する新規物質の探索が必要とされている。実際、多種多様な陸生植物は、ヒトの薬用としての可能性を発見するために、化学的および薬理学的スクリーニングが行われてきた。チュニジアのカタツムリに感染したGalba truncatulaとFasciola hepaticaの幼虫期を対象に、Atriplex inflataの軟体動物駆除活性と幼虫駆除活性を試験した。抽出物を用いてファイトケミカル試験を実施し、軟体動物駆除活性と幼虫駆除活性との関連性を確認した。殺虫活性は、カタツムリをサンプル水溶液にさらすことで評価した。従って、抽出溶媒としてヘキサン、酢酸エチル、メタノール、メタノール-水（８：２、ｖ-ｖ）を用いた。その結果、世界保健機関によれば、葉および果実のヘキサン抽出物は、それぞれLC50=7.59 mg/Lおよび6.69 mg/Lの強力な活性を示した。酢酸エチル抽出物は、葉と果実でそれぞれLC50＝5.90 mg/L、7.32 mg/Lを連続して与えた。粉末の軟体動物殺虫活性はカタツムリに対しては低いが，世界保健機関（WHO）によると活性が認められた。葉および果実のヘキサン抽出物および酢酸エチル抽出物は、遅延率が45.50％（45.50～98.92％）を超える強力な幼虫殺虫活性を示した。フィトケミカル試験の結果、これらの活性はトリテルペノイドおよび／またはステロールの存在に起因する可能性があることが示された。

Fasciolosis is a widespread parasitosis of farm live-stock in many developing countries. For this reason, it is necessary to search for new substances against parasitic diseases caused by flukes. Indeed, a wide variety of terrestrial plants have been subjected to chemical and pharmacological screening in order to discover their potential for human medicinal use. The molluscicidal and larvicidal activities of Atriplex inflata were tested on Galba truncatula and Fasciola hepatica larval stages infecting this snail in Tunisia. Phytochemical tests were conducted on extracts in order to establish a meaningful relationship with molluscicidal and larvicidal activities. The molluscicidal activity was evaluated by subjecting snails to sample aqueous solutions. Accordingly, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and methanol-water (8:2, v-v) were used as extraction solvents. As a result, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed potent activity, according to the World Health Organization, giving LC50 = 7.59 mg/L and 6.69 mg/L for hexane extracts of leaves and fruits, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts gave LC50 = 5.90 mg/L and 7.32 mg/L for leaves and fruits, successively. Molluscicidal activities of powders were less potent on snails, but active according to the World Health Organization. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from leaves and fruits gave potent larvicidal activities with a delay rate exceeding 45.50% (45.50- 98.92%). Phytochemical tests showed that these activities may be attributed to the presence of triterpenoids and/or sterols.