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歯の状態と障害を伴う余命の圧縮
Dental Status and Compression of Life Expectancy with Disability.
PMID: 28605598
抄録
本研究では、歯の数が、障害を伴う余命の短縮、健康寿命の延長、および全人生として測定される罹患率の圧縮に寄与しているかどうかを検討した。前向きコホート研究が実施された。2010年に日本の65歳以上の地域在住高齢者126,438人を対象に自己申告によるベースライン調査を行い、85,161人(67.4%)から回答を得た。機能障害の発症と全死亡を1,374日間追跡調査した(追跡率=96.1%)。性別に層別した病死モデルを適用し、3つの健康遷移(健康→死亡、健康→障害、障害→死亡)の調整済みハザード比(HR)を推定した。また、歯の本数による平均余命、健康余命、障害余命の絶対的な差も推定された。年齢、義歯の使用、社会経済的地位、健康状態、健康行動については調整した。無歯顎の参加者と比較して、20本以上の歯を持つ参加者は、健康から死亡への移行(調整後HR、男性0.58[95%信頼区間(CI)、0.50-0.68]、女性0.70[95%CI、0.57-0.85])および健康から障害への移行(調整後HR、男性0.52[95%CI、0.44-0.61]、女性0.58[95%CI、0.49-0.68])の危険度が低か った。また、障害者から死亡者への移行も早かった(調整済みHR、男性では1.26[95%CI、0.99-1.60]、女性では2.42[95%CI、1.72-3.38])。85歳以上の参加者では、20本以上の歯がある人は、無歯の人と比べて、平均寿命(男性:+57日、女性:+15日)、健康寿命(男性:+92日、女性:+70日)が長く、障害を伴う平均寿命(男性:-35日、女性:-55日)が短いことが示された。若年者、歯が1~9本、10~19本ある者でも同様の関連が見られた。残存歯の有無は罹患率の有意な低下と関連しており、日本人高齢者の障害余命は、1,374日の追跡期間中に35日から55日短縮された。
This study examined whether the number of teeth contributes to the compression of morbidity, measured as a shortening of life expectancy with disability, an extension of healthy life expectancy, and overall life expectancy. A prospective cohort study was conducted. A self-reported baseline survey was given to 126,438 community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 y in Japan in 2010, and 85,161 (67.4%) responded. The onset of functional disability and all-cause mortality were followed up for 1,374 d (follow-up rate = 96.1%). A sex-stratified illness-death model was applied to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for 3 health transitions (healthy to dead, healthy to disabled, and disabled to dead). Absolute differences in life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and life expectancy with disability according to the number of teeth were also estimated. Age, denture use, socioeconomic status, health status, and health behavior were adjusted. Compared with the edentulous participants, participants with ≥20 teeth had lower risks of transitioning from healthy to dead (adjusted HR, 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50-0.68] for men and 0.70 [95% CI, 0.57-0.85] for women) and from healthy to disabled (adjusted HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.44-0.61] for men and 0.58 [95% CI, 0.49-0.68] for women). They also transitioned from disabled to dead earlier (adjusted HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.99-1.60] for men and 2.42 [95% CI, 1.72-3.38] for women). Among the participants aged ≥85 y, those with ≥20 teeth had a longer life expectancy (men: +57 d; women: +15 d) and healthy life expectancy (men: +92 d; women: +70 d) and a shorter life expectancy with disability (men: -35 d; women: -55 d) compared with the edentulous participants. Similar associations were observed among the younger participants and those with 1 to 9 or 10 to 19 teeth. The presence of remaining teeth was associated with a significant compression of morbidity: older Japanese adults' life expectancy with disability was compressed by 35 to 55 d within the follow-up of 1,374 d.