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呼吸様式が頭蓋顔面発達と頭部姿勢に及ぼす影響に関する研究
Breathing mode influence on craniofacial development and head posture.
PMID: 28818510
抄録
研究目的:
呼吸の異常が頭蓋顔面形成に及ぼす影響は、アデノイド顔貌の小児に限らず増加傾向にある。本研究の目的は、鼻呼吸と口呼吸の小児および10代の正常な顔面成長パターンにおける頭蓋顔面構造および頭部姿勢のセファログラム上の差異を評価することである。
OBJECTIVE: The incidence of abnormal breathing and its consequences on craniofacial development is increasing, and is not limited to children with adenoid faces. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cephalometric differences in craniofacial structures and head posture between nasal breathing and oral breathing children and teenagers with a normal facial growth pattern.
方法:
正常な顔面成長パターンを持つ7-16歳の98人の患者を臨床的およびX線写真的に評価した。臨床的・歴史的評価による呼吸様式の優位性、およびエアフローセンサーによって定量化された呼吸呼吸速度の優位性によって、鼻呼吸患者と口腔呼吸患者に分類した。また、加齢に伴う顔面の正常な成長を考慮し、2つの年齢群(G1: 7-9)(G2: 10-16)に分けた。
METHOD: Ninety-eight 7-16 year-old patients with a normal facial growth pattern were clinically and radiographically evaluated. They were classified as either nasal breathing or oral breathing patients according to the predominant mode of breathing through clinical and historical evaluation, and breathing respiratory rate predomination as quantified by an airflow sensor. They were divided in two age groups (G1: 7-9) (G2: 10-16) to account for normal age-related facial growth.
結果:
口呼吸児(8.0±0.7歳)は鼻咽頭断面積(MPP)が小さく(p=0.030)、他の構造は鼻呼吸児(7.6±0.9歳)と同様であった。しかし,口呼吸の10代(12.3±2.0歳)は鼻呼吸の10代(12.5±1.9歳)に比べて口蓋長(ANS-PNS)(p=0.049),下前顔の垂直寸法(Xi-ANS-Pm)(p=0.015)および下顎面に対する舌骨の位置(H-MP)(p=0.017)が大きくなることが示された.頭部姿勢には統計的に有意な差は認められなかった。
RESULTS: Oral breathing children (8.0±0.7 years) showed less nasopharyngeal cross-sectional dimension (MPP) (p=0.030), whereas other structures were similar to their nasal breathing counterparts (7.6±0.9 years). However, oral breathing teenagers (12.3±2.0 years) exhibited a greater palate length (ANS-PNS) (p=0.049), a higher vertical dimension in the lower anterior face (Xi-ANS-Pm) (p=0.015), and a lower position of the hyoid bone with respect to the mandibular plane (H-MP) (p=0.017) than their nasal breathing counterparts (12.5±1.9 years). No statistically significant differences were found in head posture.
結論:
正常な顔面成長パターンを持つ個人であっても、鼻呼吸の個人と比較すると、口呼吸の小児は気道の寸法に差異があることがわかる。青少年では、これらの非類似性には、顔面の発達と舌骨の位置における構造が含まれる。
CONCLUSION: Even in individuals with a normal facial growth pattern, when compared with nasal breathing individuals, oral breathing children present differences in airway dimensions. Among adolescents, these dissimilarities include structures in the facial development and hyoid bone position.