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小児における顔面骨折のパターン
Patterns of facial fractures in children.
PMID: 31500917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.08.020.
抄録
子供の間での罹患率と死亡率は、通常、外傷の結果である。小児の顔面は、保護している頭蓋骨に対して相対的に後退しており、脂肪組織の厚い層、より弾力性のある骨、柔軟性のある縫合線、顎内の歯芽の存在、および副鼻腔の肺炎がないため、顔面骨折は成人よりも少ない。我々の目的は、キングエドワード医科大学/マヨ病院ラホール、パキスタン、キングエドワード医科大学/マヨ病院ラホールの口腔顎顔面外科に来院した小児のこのような骨折のパターンを評価することであった。2009年12月から2011年12月の2年間に受診した1歳から16歳までの535人の小児を対象とした。顔面骨折の診断は、臨床検査、平面X線写真、コンピュータ断層撮影により行い、前頭骨、眼窩骨、上顎、頬骨、鼻口蓋骨複合体、下顎、歯槽骨領域を含む顔面骨の骨折のパターンを記録した。男女比は2:1で、男性369例(70%)、女性166例(31%)であった。原因は転倒が212例(39%)で、167例(31%)では交通事故、スポーツが135例(25%)であった。鼻甲骨-耳骨複合体の骨折は37例(7%)で、頬骨の単離骨折は104例(19%)であった。上顎骨折は195例(36%)、下顎骨折は380例(71%)、歯槽骨外傷が原因のものは256例(50%)であった。下顎骨の骨折が最も多かったのは男児で、夏休み中の転倒によるものが多く、8~12歳にピークを迎えていました。
Morbidity and mortality among children is usually the result of trauma. Because a child's face is retruded relative to the protecting skull, has a thicker layer of adipose tissue, more elastic bones, flexible sutures lines, the presence of tooth buds within the jaws, and the lack of pneumatisation of the sinuses, the facial bones fracture less commonly than in adults. Our aim was to assess the patterns of such fractures in children who presented to the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. All 535 eligible children between the ages of 1-16 years who presented during the two years December 2009 - December 2011 were included in the study. Facial fractures were diagnosed by clinical examination, plain radiographs, and computed tomography, and the pattern of fractures of the facial bones including the frontal bone, orbital bones, maxilla, zygoma, naso-orbito-ethmoidal complex, mandible, and dentoalveolar region was documented. The male:female ratio was 2:1 with 369 male (70%) and 166 female (31%) patients. Fall was the cause in 212 (39%), and in 167 (31%) it was road traffic accidents, while sports were the cause in 135 (25%). The naso-orboto-ethmoid complex was fractured in 37 cases (7%) while 104 children (19%) presented with isolated fractures of the zygomatic bone. The maxilla was fractured in 195 cases (36%), the mandible in 380 (71%), and dentoalveolar trauma was the cause in 256 (50%). The mandible was the bone that was most often fractured (mostly in boys and usually as a result of falls during summer vacations), with the peak occurring in those aged 8-12 years.
Copyright © 2019 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.