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末梢血拡大における光顕微鏡法およびNested polymerase chain reaction(Nested PCR)法によるマラリアの検出とイラン南東部における18S rRNA遺伝子によるPlasmodium種の遺伝的多様性の調査を行った
Detection of malaria with light microscopy and Nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) methods in peripheral blood expansions and investigation of the genetic diversity of Plasmodium species by 18S rRNA gene in Southeast of Iran.
PMID: 31600540 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103782.
抄録
背景:
マラリアは、毎年世界で約100万人の死者を出す公衆衛生上の問題です。マラリアは、P. falciparum、P. vivax、P. malariae、およびP. ovaleを含むPlasmodium属によって引き起こされます。Plasmodium属の進化をより良く認識し、ヒトにおけるPlasmodium種の相対的な程度を検出するためには、分子系統学が不可欠である。本研究の目的は,イラン南東部の末梢血拡大におけるマラリアをLight Microscopy (LM)法とNested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR)法で検出し,18S rRNA遺伝子によるPlasmodium種の遺伝的多様性を調べることであった。
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a public health concern that leads to about a million deaths worldwide every year. Malaria is caused by the genus Plasmodium, which includes P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale. Molecular phylogeny is essential to better recognition the evolution of the genus Plasmodium genus and detection of the relative degree of Plasmodium species in humans. The aim of this study was to detect malaria with Light Microscopy (LM) and Nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) methods in peripheral blood expansions and to investigate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium species by 18S rRNA gene in the southeast of Iran.
方法:
イラン南東部のホルムズガン州、ケルマン州、およびシスタン州とバルチェスター州を含む6年間にマラリアが疑われる患者から合計97名の血液塗抹標本を採取した。血液塗抹標本上のPlasmodium種の診断はLM法とNested PCR法を用いて行った.さらに、遺伝的多様性の判定のために、16 の Plasmodium 陽性検体を選択した。
METHODS: A total of 97 blood smears were collected from patients suspected to malaria in a 6-year period in the southeast of Iran including Hormozgan, Kerman, and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces. Diagnosis of Plasmodium species on blood smears was performed using LM and Nested PCR methods. In addition, 16 Plasmodium-positive samples were chosen for the determination of genetic diversity.
結果:
全体では,研究対象97例中97例(100%)がLM法で陽性であったのに対し,Nested PCR法では97例中94例(96.8%)がマラリアとして検出された.7例を除き,Nested PCRでLMの結果が確認された.これらの検体はLM法ではP. vivaxが2例,P. falciparumが5例であった.一方、Nested PCRではすべての症例でP. vivaxとP. falciparumの混合感染が検出された。系統解析の結果、2つの主要なクラッドと5つの異なるサブクラッドが存在することが明らかになった。分離株の約87.5%はクラッドIに位置し,P. vivaxを含んでいた.また、12.5%の分離株はP. falciparumを含み、クラッドIIに含まれていた。
RESULTS: Overall, 97 of 97 (100%) studied cases were positive by LM while 94 of 97 (96.8%) of them were detected as malaria by Nested PCR. Except for seven cases, Nested PCR confirmed the LM results. These samples involved two P. vivax and five P. falciparum in the LM method. Meanwhile, the Nested PCR was detected in all of the cases as a mixed infection with P. vivax and P. falciparum. The results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed two main clades and five different subclades. About 87.5% of the isolates were located in clade I and contained P. vivax. In addition, 12.5% of the studied isolates involved P. falciparum that was in clade II.
結論:
その結果,Nested PCR法はLM法よりも高感度であり,マラリア検出に有効な手法であることが示唆された.また,分離株の多様性がワクチン開発の重要性を左右することから,今後の研究が必要であると考えられる。
CONCLUSION: According to our results, Nested PCR method had higher sensitivity than LM and is suggested as a good approach for malaria detection. Consideration the wide diversity of tested isolates and the importance of vaccine development, which is affected by this diversity, further studies are needed in this regard.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.