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歯肉炎患者における補助療法の有効性。システマティックレビューとメタアナリシス
Efficacy of adjunctive therapies in patients with gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PMID: 31869441
抄録
目的:
無作為化臨床試験(RCT)のシステマティックレビューにより、歯肉炎および歯垢の減少における補助療法の有効性を評価すること。
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive therapies in reducing gingivitis and plaque by means of a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
材料と方法:
機械的プラークコントロールの補助療法が歯肉炎およびプラークに及ぼす効果を検討した 6 ヵ月 間の RCT を特定するために、検索プロトコルを作成した。スクリーニング後、関連情報を抽出し、質と潜在的なバイアスのリスクを推定した。標準化平均差および加重平均差(SMDおよびWMD)を得るために、平均治療差を適宜算出した。
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search protocol was designed to identify 6-month RCTs that investigated the efficacy of adjuncts to mechanical plaque control on gingivitis and plaque. Following screening, relevant information was extracted, and quality and potential risk of bias were estimated. Mean treatment differences were calculated to obtain standardized mean differences and weighted mean differences (SMD and WMD) as appropriate.
結果:
メタアナリシスには、補助的な防腐剤に関する70の研究が含まれていた。機械的プラークコントロール単独と比較して、補助剤は歯肉指標(n=72; SMD=-1.268; 95% CI [-1.489; -1.047]; p<.001; I =96.2%)を統計的に有意に低下させた。62%; 95% CI [-18.01%; -11.23%]; p<.001; I =95.1%), plaque index (n=93, SMD=-1.017; 95% CI [-1.194; -0.840]; p<.001; I =95.3%) and plaque (%) (n=23; WMD=-18.20%; 95% CI [-24.00%; -12.50%]; p<.001; I =96.9).口中清涼剤は,歯磨剤と比較して,歯垢1%当たりの減少率が高かった(メタ回帰係数13.80%,95%CI [2.40%; 25.10%]; p=0.020).また,歯垢による歯肉炎(無傷の歯周組織)および治療歴のある歯周炎(歯肉の炎症)においても,各防腐剤の歯肉炎および歯垢減少効果は同様であった.
RESULTS: Meta-analyses included 70 studies of adjunctive antiseptics. Compared with mechanical plaque control alone, adjuncts yielded statistically significant reductions in gingival index (n = 72; SMD = -1.268; 95% CI [-1.489; -1.047]; p < .001; I = 96.2%), bleeding (%) (n = 26, WMD=-14.62%; 95% CI [-18.01%; -11.23%]; p < .001; I = 95.1%), plaque index (n = 93, SMD = -1.017; 95% CI [-1.194; -0.840]; p < .001; I = 95.3%) and plaque (%) (n = 23; WMD = -18.20%; 95% CI [-24.00%; -12.50%]; p < .001; I = 96.9%). Mouthrinses resulted in greater reductions in per cent plaque compared with dentifrices (meta-regression, coefficient = 13.80%; 95% CI [2.40%; 25.10%]; p = .020). The antiseptic agents were similarly effective in reducing gingivitis and plaque in patients with dental plaque-induced gingivitis (intact periodontium) or previously treated periodontitis with gingival inflammation.
結論:
口腔洗浄剤および歯磨剤に含まれる防腐剤の併用により,歯肉炎,出血および歯垢の指標を統計的に有意に減少させることができた.
CONCLUSION: Adjunctive antiseptics in mouthrinses and dentifrices provide statistically significant reductions in gingival, bleeding and plaque indices.