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ブラジルのニンニクとタマネギの作物土壌に由来するトリコデルマと新種2種の記述。Trichoderma azevedoiとTrichoderma peberdyi
Trichoderma from Brazilian garlic and onion crop soils and description of two new species: Trichoderma azevedoi and Trichoderma peberdyi.
PMID: 32130211 PMCID: PMC7055844. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228485.
抄録
ブラジルの8つの異なる場所でニンニクとタマネギの作物から採取された土壌サンプルから50種のトリコデルマ株が分離され、ITS領域、tef1-α、cal、act、およびrpb2の配列を組み合わせた系統解析を用いて同定された。回収されたトリコデルマの遺伝的多様性をAFLPで分析し、MALDI-TOFを用いて表現型の多様性を決定した。その結果,両タイピング法で得られた菌株群は系統解析で得られた分類学的決定と一致した.系統解析の結果,土壌試料中には,アスペレリュウム(Tricoderma asperellum),アスペレロイデス(Tricoderma asperelloides),アフロハルジアナム(Tricoderma afroharzianum),ハマタム(Tricoderma hamatum),レンティフォルメ(Tricoderma lentiforme),コニンギオプシス(Tricoderma koningiopsis),ロングブラキアタム(Tricoderma longibrachiatum),エリナセウム(Tricoderma erinaceum)の菌株が存在することがわかった。また,Pachybasiumのharzianum cladeに属する2種のトリコデルマを同定し,その種名をTrichoderma azevedoi sp.azevedoi (3株) と T. peberdyi (12株) の両菌株は,遺伝子型および表現型に有意な変動を示すが,ブートストラップと事後確率の強い支持を得て単系統のクラッドを形成しており,形態学的には最も近縁種とは異なる。
Fifty four Trichoderma strains were isolated from soil samples collected from garlic and onion crops in eight different sites in Brazil and were identified using phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS region, tef1-α, cal, act and rpb2 sequences. The genetic variability of the recovered Trichoderma species was analysed by AFLP and their phenotypic variability determined using MALDI-TOF. The strain clusters from both typing techniques coincided with the taxonomic determinations made from phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis showed the occurrence of Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma asperelloides, Trichoderma afroharzianum, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma lentiforme, Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma erinaceum, in the soil samples. We also identified and describe two new Trichoderma species, both in the harzianum clade of section Pachybasium, which we have named Trichoderma azevedoi sp. nov. and Trichoderma peberdyi sp. nov. The examined strains of both T. azevedoi (three strains) and T. peberdyi (12 strains) display significant genotypic and phenotypic variability, but form monophyletic clades with strong bootstrap and posterior probability support and are morphologically distinct from their respective most closely related species.