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癌患者における周術期の口腔管理の有効性に関する多施設共同のレトロスペクティブな調査です
A multicenter retrospective investigation on the efficacy of perioperative oral management in cancer patients.
PMID: 32150054
抄録
患者はがん治療中に多くの口腔合併症を発症する。口腔内細菌は、歯性局所感染症の発症と口腔粘膜炎の進行に関連しています。歯科局所感染症は、菌血症、敗血症、肺炎などの全身症状の発症と関連することが多い。これらの合併症に伴う口腔機能の低下は、がん治療の障害になる可能性があります。本研究の目的は、周術期口腔管理(POM)を行ったがん患者における歯科・口腔合併症の発生率を、多施設共同のレトロスペクティブ分析による多数のケースシリーズに基づいて調査することであった。本研究では、POMを受けたがん患者2744名(男性1684名、女性1080名、平均年齢65.9±13.0歳)が対象となり、調査が行われました。これらの患者のうち、2097人(76.4%)はがん治療開始前にPOMを開始し、2130人(77.6%)は口腔ケアのみを受け、391人(14.2%)は抜歯などの侵襲的治療を受けていました。がん治療期間中の歯牙感染症の発生率は8.2%であった。最も多かった感染症は、歯槽膿漏を含む急性歯周炎でした(112名、4.1%)。グレード2および3の口腔粘膜炎の発生率は2.8%でした。長引く発熱は113名(4.1%)に認められ、そのうち7名が歯性病巣感染症であった(6.2%)。これらの発生率は、以前に報告されたものよりも低かった。多数の患者の分析に基づき、今回の結果は、がん患者における口腔管理の有効性を支持するものであった。しかし、がん患者に対する適切な口腔管理のガイドラインを確立するためには、さらなる研究が必要です。
Patients develop a number of oral complications during cancer treatments. Oral bacteria are associated with the onset of dental focal infections and the progression of oral mucositis. Dental focal infections are frequently associated with the systemic onset of bacteremia, sepsis, and pneumonia. The degeneration of oral function with these complications may become an obstacle to cancer treatments. Although comprehensive oral management, including oral care, the removal of dental focal infections, and improvements in oral function with dentures, is conducted for cancer patients in Japan, few studies have assessed its efficacy.The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of dental/oral complications in cancer patients with perioperative oral managements (POMs) based on a large number of case series with a multicenter retrospective analysis.The medical records of cancer patients with POMs were retrospectively reviewed and the incidence of oral complications and efficacy of oral management were investigated.A total of 2744 cancer patients with POMs (1684 males and 1080 females, mean age 65.9 ± 13.0 years) were included and investigated in the present study. Among these patients, 2097 (76.4%) started POM before the initiation of cancer treatments, with 2130 (77.6%) receiving oral care only and 391 (14.2%) being subjected to invasive treatments, such as tooth extraction. The incidence of dental focal infections during the period of cancer treatments was 8.2%. The most frequent infection was acute periodontitis, including alveolar abscesses (112 patients, 4.1%). The incidence of grade 2 and 3 oral mucositis was 2.8%. Prolonged fever was observed in 113 patients (4.1%), with 7 having dental focal infections (6.2%). These incidence rates were lower than those reported previously.Based on analyses of a large number of patients, the present results support the efficacy of oral management in cancer patients. However, further studies are needed to establish adequate oral management guidelines for cancer patients.