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成長期患者における急速および緩徐上顎拡大後の上気道の容積変化:症例対照研究
Volumetric Changes in the Upper Airways after Rapid and Slow Maxillary Expansion in Growing Patients: A Case-Control Study.
PMID: 32414070
抄録
目的は、成長期の患者において、ニッケルチタン板バネの柔軟な特性を利用して得られる緩徐上顎拡大(SME)と、従来のハイラックス装置を用いた急速上顎拡大(RME)の前後における上気道の容積の変化を評価することである。2018年から2019年にかけて上顎拡大術を受けた矯正歯科患者1200人の記録を分析し、このうちSMEで治療した患者22人(平均年齢8.2±0.6歳)の治療前後のCBCTスキャンと、第2小臼歯にバンドを装着したRMEで治療した患者22人(平均年齢8.1±0.7歳)から得られたCBCTスキャンを比較した。以下の包含基準が用いられた:上顎横咬合、全身状態良好、矯正治療歴なし。鼻腔(NCavV)、上咽頭(NsPxV)、左右上顎洞(MSV)の容積はITK-SNAPを用いて算出した。Shapiro-Wilk検定により、各群におけるデータの正規分布が明らかになった。群内比較には対検定、群間比較には独立検定を用いた。両装置による治療後、NCavV、NsPxV、MSVは統計的に有意に増加した。NCavV、NsPxV、MSVには、両装置間で統計的に有意な差は認められなかった。方法の誤差は無視できると考えられた(平均術者内相関係数は0.928、術者間相関係数は0.911)。両装置は、上気道の異なるセグメントに同様の効果をもたらすようである。
The aim is to evaluate changes in the volume of the upper airways before and after slow maxillary expansion (SME) obtained with the flexible properties of a nickel titanium leaf spring and rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with a conventional Hyrax appliance in growing patients. The records of 1200 orthodontic patients undergoing maxillary expansion from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed; among these pre and post treatment CBCT scans of 22 patients (mean age 8.2 ± 0.6 years old) treated by SME were compared with those obtained from 22 patients (mean age 8.1 ± 0.7 years old) treated by RME banded on the second primary molars. The following inclusion criteria were used: Maxillary transverse constriction, good general health, and no previous orthodontic treatment. Volumes of nasal cavity (NCavV), nasopharynx (NsPxV), and right and left maxillary sinuses (MSV) were calculated with ITK-SNAP. Shapiro-Wilk test revealed a normal distribution of data in each group. Paired -test was used for within-group comparisons and independent -test for between-group comparisons. Statistically significant increases occurred in NCavV, NsPxV, and MSVs after treatment with both appliances. No statistically significant difference between the appliances occurred in NCavV, NsPxV, and MSVs. Method error was considered negligible (mean intra-operator and inter-operator intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.928 and 0.911, respectively). It appears that both appliances produce similar effects on the different segments of the upper airway tract.