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北東アーカンソー州の住宅入口からのDirofilaria immitisの潜在的な蚊（Diptera: Culicidae）の媒介者
Potential mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors of Dirofilaria immitis from residential entryways in Northeast Arkansas.
PMID: 32417600 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109105.
抄録
線虫のDirofilaria immitisは、米国で犬に重篤な病気を引き起こす。さまざまな種類の蚊によって媒介され、いくつかの研究で蚊におけるD. immitisの有病率が調査されていますが、有病率に関する研究は行われていません。しかし、家庭に侵入する可能性のある昼間の蚊に焦点を当てた有病率調査は行われていません。アーカンソー州ジョーンズボロで、日中に血を吸う蚊の種類と、D. immitisを媒介する潜在的な媒介者の有病率を特定するために、4軒の住宅の戸口の日よけの下で蚊を採取した。2016年5月から12月まで、フェロモントラップと空中ネットを用いて蚊を収集した。各蚊を個別に解剖し、頭部、胸郭、腹部の幼虫を観察し、感染性幼虫と非感染性幼虫を識別した。5属10種の蚊が同定された。D. immitisと推定される幼虫は、Aedes albopictus、Anopheles quadrimaculatus、Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus、Culiseta inornata、Psorophora columbiaeを含む5種の蚊と、Anopheles spp.昼行性の蚊であるAe. albopictusは全蚊の3.4％を占めた。An. quadrimaculatusとAnopheles spp.が最も多く、それぞれ59.7と19.6%を占めた。解剖した536匹の蚊のうち、60匹（11.2％）にD. immitisが認められ、33匹（55.0％）の心筋梗塞陽性蚊は解剖時に頭部または口吻に感染性（L）幼虫を保有していた。玄関の日よけの下に集まった蚊の中には、感染性のD. immitisの幼虫の割合が高いことから、アーカンソー州北東部では室内犬や猫が心虫症にさらされている可能性が高いと考えられる。
The nematode Dirofilaria immitis causes serious disease of canines in the United States. Transmitted by a variety of mosquito species, several studies have examined the prevalence of D. immitis in mosquitoes. However, no prevalence studies have focused on diurnal mosquitoes that could potentially enter homes. Mosquitoes were collected under doorway awnings at four residences to identify the diurnal blood-feeding mosquito species and prevalence of potential vectors harboring D. immitis in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Mosquitoes were collected from May to December 2016 using pheromone traps and aerial nets. Each mosquito was individually dissected and observed for larvae in the head, thorax, and abdomen to identify infective and non-infective larvae. Ten mosquito species from five genera were identified. Larvae, presumed to be D. immitis, were observed in five mosquito species, including Aedes albopictus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Culiseta inornata, and Psorophora columbiae and four genera, including Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Culiseta spp., and Psorophora spp. The diurnal mosquito, Ae. albopictus composed 3.4% of the total mosquitoes collected. An. quadrimaculatus and Anopheles spp. were the most abundant mosquitoes, composing 59.7 and 19.6% of the total mosquitoes collected, respectively. Of the 536 mosquitoes dissected, 60 (11.2%) were observed with D. immitis, and 33 (55.0%) of the heartworm-positive mosquitoes harbored infective (L) larvae in the head or proboscis upon dissection. The high proportion of infective D. immitis larvae found in the mosquitoes aggregating under doorway awnings may increase the exposure of indoor dogs and cats to heartworm disease in northeast Arkansas.
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