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急性腎不全。多発性骨髄腫が追加の手がかりを与えない場合
Acute Kidney Failure: When Multiple Myeloma Doesn´t Give Additional Clues.
PMID: 32419992 PMCID: PMC7224584. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7664.
抄録
多発性骨髄腫(MM)は、悪性の血漿細胞が増殖し、モノクローナル・パラプロテインが過剰に産生されることが特徴である。この疾患は一般的に高カルシウム血症、腎不全、貧血および骨病変を呈する。MMの初期症状として急性腎不全(AKF)を呈することはほとんど報告されていない。ここでは、2017年6月にAKFで当院の集中治療室(ICU)に入院した49歳女性の症例を紹介する。この患者は6日以内に腹痛と胆道嘔吐を伴って当院の救急外来(ER)に入院した。臨床検査から血清クレアチニン19mg/dl、尿素377mg/dlを強調した。身体所見は世界的に見ても異常なしであった.臨床的に安定した後,クレアチニン8.00 mg/dlで当院の診療所に入院した.B型・C型肝炎、ヒト免疫不全症候群(HIV)、自己免疫マーカーはすべて陰性、腎超音波検査、腹部・骨盤CTは関連する変化がなく、骨格検査では有意な変化はなかった。血清免疫グロブリン検査では、免疫グロブリンA(IgA)が上昇していた。血清蛋白電気泳動ではモノクローナルスパイクとウリン蛋白電気泳動ではカッパ軽鎖と一致する蛋白の増加量を示した。また、Kappa:Lambda鎖のratiowasが増加していた。このAKFの病因を理解するために、最終的には骨髄腫腎と適合する腎生検を行った。患者はポルトのポルトガル腫瘍研究所に移送され、化学療法を開始した。退院後2ヵ月後のクレアチニン値は1.5g/dL程度で安定していた。MMはAKFの重要な鑑別診断であり、特に腎前・腎後の病因を除外した場合には重要である。MMはAKFの重要な鑑別診断であり、特に腎前・腎後の病因を除外した場合には重要な診断である。
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein. This disease commonly presents with hypercalcemia, kidney failure, anemia, and bone lesions. Acute kidney failure (AKF) as an initial presentation of MM has rarely been reported. Herein, we present a case of a 49-year-old female who was admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) for AKF in June 2017. The patient was admitted to our emergency room (ER) with abdominal pain and biliary vomiting within six days. From the laboratory tests, we highlight a serum creatinine of 19 mg/dl and urea of 377 mg/dl. The physical examination was globally unremarkable. Once clinically stable, she was admitted to our infirmary with a creatinine of 8.00 mg/dl. The patient underwent an extensive study: markers for hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV), and autoimmune markers were all negative; renal ultrasound, abdominal and pelvic CT had no relevant alteration; and the skeletal survey had no significant change. Peripheral blood smear showed no abnormalities. Serum immunoglobulin analysis revealed an elevated immunoglobulin A (IgA). Serum protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal spike and urine protein electrophoresis showed an increased amount of protein consistent with Kappa light chains. The Kappa:Lambda chain ratio was increased. In order to understand the etiology of this AKF, we ended up performing a kidney biopsy, which was compatible with a myeloma kidney. The patient was transferred to the Portuguese Oncology Institute in Porto and initiated chemotherapy. Two months after the hospital discharge, creatinine levels were stable around 1.5 g/dL. This case illustrates AKF as the initial and sole presentation of MM. This presentation, even though previously reported, is very uncommon, especially considering that it occurred in a young woman and it was associated with light chain precipitation of IgA. MM is an important differential diagnosis in AKF, particularly when excluded pre and post-renal etiologies. Although being an invasive procedure with inherent possible complications, a kidney biopsy is still a very important procedure that was essential in this case to achieve a final diagnosis and, therefore, the patients' treatment.
Copyright © 2020, Cerqueira et al.