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Mycobacterium xenopi vs Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary diseaseにおける臨床成績。レトロスペクティブマッチドコホート研究
Clinical outcomes in Mycobacterium xenopi versus Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: A retrospective matched cohort study.
PMID: 32421543 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105967.
抄録
Mycobacterium xenopi は肺非結核性マイコバクテリア(NTM)感染症の中で最も高い死亡率と関連しているが、これが感染症によるものか他の要因によるものかは不明である。M. xenopi に感染した患者の転帰については、他の NTM 種と比較してほとんど情報がない。我々は、M. xenopi 肺疾患(Mx-PD)と M. avium complex(MAC)-PDを比較するレトロスペクティブ・マッチドコホート研究を行った。患者は性別、年齢、放射線学的サブタイプ、キャビテーションの有無でマッチさせた。ベースラインの臨床的特徴、治療法、および転帰を、マッチド解析を用いて比較した。われわれは70例のMx-PDを同定した:線維性キャビテーション型29例、結節性膀胱型28例、分類不能型13例、平均(SD)年齢63(13)歳、女性54.3%(n=38)であった。追跡期間中央値はMx-PDコホートの方が長かった(1552日対1035日、p=0.01)。症状、放射線表現型、肺機能は両群間で差はなかったが、Charlson Comorbidity IndexはMx-PD群の方が数値的に高かった(3.6対3.2、p=0.08)。リファマイシンの使用頻度はMx-PD群では低かった(59.5%対85.7%、p=0.02)。臨床的および放射線学的改善は両群間で同程度であったが、Mx-PDでは培養転換率が優れていたため、治療の成功率が高かった(40.5%対16.7%、p=0.02)。治療開始24ヵ月後の死亡率は、Mx-PD群で数値的には高かったが、統計学的には有意ではなかった(20.4%対10.3%、p=0.32)。マッチしたMx-PD患者とMAC-PD患者の間では、標準的な抗マイコバクテリア治療の方が培養転換を達成し、Mx-PD患者の方が治療を成功させる可能性が有意に高かった。Mx-PD患者の死亡率は数値的には高かったが、統計的には高かった。
Mycobacterium xenopi is associated with the highest mortality among pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections, but whether this is due to the infection or other factors is unclear. There is little information regarding outcomes among patients infected with M. xenopi versus other NTM species. We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study comparing M. xenopi pulmonary disease (Mx-PD) to M. avium complex (MAC)-PD. Patients were matched by sex, age, radiologic subtype, and presence of cavitation. Baseline clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were compared using matched analyses. We identified 70 Mx-PD cases: 29 fibrocavitary-type, 28 nodular-bronchiectatic-type, and 13 unclassifiable-type CT patterns, mean (SD) age 63 (13) years, and 54.3% (n = 38) female. Median follow-up duration was longer in the Mx-PD cohort (1552 days versus 1035 days, p = 0.01). Symptoms, radiologic phenotype, and pulmonary function were similar between groups although the Charlson Comorbidity Index was numerically higher in Mx-PD patients (3.6 versus 3.2, p = 0.08). Rifamycins were used less frequently in Mx-PD (59.5% versus 85.7%, p = 0.02). Although combined clinical and radiologic improvement was similar between the groups, successful treatment was more common with Mx-PD (40.5% versus 16.7%, p = 0.02) owing to superior culture conversion (70.8% versus 33.3%, p = 0.0001). Mortality 24 months after initiation of treatment was numerically but not statistically greater in the Mx-PD cohort (20.4% versus 10.3%, p = 0.32). Among matched Mx-PD and MAC-PD patients, standard anti-mycobacterial treatment was significantly more likely to achieve culture conversion and successful treatment for Mx-PD patients. Mortality among Mx-PD patients was numerically, but not statistically higher, possibly explained by increased comorbidity burden.
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