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ウリ科(Cucurbitaceae)栽培品種における(Lepidoptera: Crambidae)の比較性能と消化生理
Comparative performance and digestive physiology of (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on (Cucurbitaceae) cultivars.
PMID: 32484147 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485320000255.
抄録
Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)はインドのTrichosanthes anguina L.の重要な植物食性害虫である。本研究では、D. indicaの3品種(Baruipur Long, Polo No.1, MNSR-1)の葉を用いて、年齢段階別、二股別、アミロ分解活性、タンパク質分解活性、食餌利用率などの生活指標を検討した。さらに、葉に含まれる栄養素(総炭水化物、タンパク質、脂質、アミノ酸、窒素)と抗栄養素(総フェノール、フラボノール、タンニン)を測定した。発育時間(卵から成体出現まで)は、MNSR-1が最も短く(19.79 d)、ポロ1号が最も長かった(25.72 d)。孵化率は、MNSR-1(259卵)とPolo No.1(151.22卵)がそれぞれ最も高く、最も低かった。Polo No.1のD. indicaの内在性増加率(rm)と純繁殖率(R0)はそれぞれ0.1112d-1と27.22子孫-1であった。平均発生時間(T)はMNSR-1が最も短く(23.99日),Polo No.1が最も長かった(29.70日)。その結果,MNSR-1を給与したD. indicaの幼虫はアミル分解活性及びタンパク質分解活性が最も高く,Polo No.1を給与した幼虫は最も低かった。Polo No.1を給与した第5期幼虫は、消費指数と成長率が最も低かった。Polo No.1を給与したD. indicaの幼虫の発育時間が長く、繁殖力が低かったのは、他の品種に比べて養分が低く、抗栄養素の含有量が多かったためである。これらの結果から、Polo No.1は栽培に適した品種であると考えられると結論づけた。
Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important phytophagous pest of Trichosanthes anguina L. in India. We studied life table parameters by age-stage, two-sex, amylolytic and proteolytic activities, and food utilization parameters of D. indica on the leaves of three T. anguina cultivars (Baruipur Long, Polo No. 1 and MNSR-1). Further, nutrients (total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, amino acids and nitrogen) and antinutrients (total phenols, flavonols and tannins) in leaves were determined. The development time (egg to adult emergence) was the shortest on MNSR-1 (19.79 d) and the longest on Polo No. 1 (25.72 d). Fecundity was the highest and lowest on MNSR-1 (259 eggs) and Polo No. 1 (151.22 eggs), respectively. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (R0) of D. indica on Polo No. 1 were 0.1112 d-1 and 27.22 offspring individual-1, respectively. The mean generation time (T) was the shortest on MNSR-1 (23.99 days) and the longest on Polo No. 1 (29.70 d). The larvae of D. indica fed with MNSR-1 had the highest level of amylolytic and proteolytic activities, and the lowest activities were in the larvae fed with Polo No. 1. The fifth-instar larvae fed with Polo No. 1 had the lowest consumption index and growth rate. The higher larval development time and lower fecundity of D. indica on Polo No. 1 were due to the lower level of nutrients and a higher level of antinutrients than other cultivars. Our results concluded that Polo No. 1 cultivar could be suggested for cultivation.