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ブラックソルジャーバエHermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)による糞尿前処理。病原体含有量の低減を目的とした研究
Manure pretreatments with black soldier fly Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae): A study to reduce pathogen content.
PMID: 32526587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139842.
抄録
本研究の目的は、鶏糞堆肥（CM）、豚糞堆肥（PM）、牛糞堆肥（COM）、下水汚泥堆肥（SS）中の病原菌（PB）生存率に及ぼす黒ソルジャーハエ幼虫（BSFL）Hermetia illucens L. (Dipteraa: Stratiomyidae)の影響を調査することであった。鶏糞（T2）、豚糞（T4）、牛糞（T6）、SS（T8）の3種類の糞尿にBSFL（新鮮重量比1.2：7）を接種し、BSFLなし（T1、T3、T5、T7）を対照として9日間の実験を行った。その結果、CMとCOM(T2,T6)ではPBの90〜93％、PMとSSでは86〜88％がBSFLの添加によって有意に緩和されていた。しかし，T4とT8の処理では，PBの相対的に大きな豊富さが記録された．PBのほとんどは、プロテオバクテリア、Firmicutes、放線菌、バクテロイデテス属に属し、それらの群集組成は、すべての治療法の間で、属から種レベルに変化した。その結果、BSFLを用いた土壌改良によってPBの組成が大きく変化し、堆肥の品質を向上させる重要な役割を果たしていることがわかった。興味深いことに、BacillusとClostridiumの存在量はBSFL施用処理では非常に少なかったが、これらの細菌属とその関連種の集団は、対照処理やBSFL施用処理なしの処理ではかなり高い個体数を示していた。全体的に、BSFL施用なしの場合、3種類の糞尿堆肥はいずれもBSFL施用処理を行った場合に比べて、PB種であるListeria_monocytogenes_FSL_R2-503、Staphylococcus_aureus_M0406が比較的多く存在していることがわかった。Bacillus_anthracis、Listeria_ivanovii、Staphylococcus_aureus_C0673、Salmonella Bacillus_cereus_VD115、Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_FJ05194およびPseudomonas_aeruginosaは比較的大きなRAを持ち、次いでBartonella_bacilliformis_Ver075である。Bordetella_pertussis_2356847; Brucella_melitensis_ADMAS-G1; Klebsiella_pneumoniae_LCT-KP182とCorynebacterium_jeikeium_K411がそれぞれ続く。このように、BSFLを添加した鶏糞堆肥は、有機性廃棄物のリサイクルや、病原性細菌の発生量が著しく少ないサニタイズ済み熟成堆肥への転換に有効な技術であることがわかった。
This study aim was to investigate the influence of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on pathogenic bacteria (PB) survival in the chicken manure (CM), pig manure (PM), cow manure (COM) and sewage sludge (SS) compost. Three kinds of manure [chicken (T2), pig (T4) and cow (T6)] and SS (T8) were inoculated with BSFL (1.2:7 ratio on fresh weight basis) and without BSFL (T1, T3, T5 and T7) was used as control and experiment lasted for 9 days. The results indicated that BSFL amendment 90-93% of PB abundances (RAs) was significantly mitigate in CM and COM (T2 and T6), and 86-88% in PM and SS compost. However, relatively greater abundance of PB was recorded in the T4 and T8 treatments. Most of the PB belong to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phylum and their community composition varied from phylum to species levels among the all treatments. The PB composition was significantly altered by BSFL amendment and also important role play to enhance in compost quality. Interestingly, Bacillus and Clostridium were significantly very less abundant present in BSFL applied treatments, but considerably higher population of these bacterial genus and its associated species were identifies from control or without BSFL applied treatments. Overall, without BSFL blended-all three kinds of manure-composts have comparatively greater PB abundance than with BSFL applied treatments, as the PB species Listeria_monocytogenes_FSL_R2-503, Staphylococcus_aureus_M0406, Bacillus_anthracis, Listeria_ivanovii, Staphylococcus_aureus_C0673, Salmonella Bacillus_cereus_VD115, Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_FJ05194 and Pseudomonas_aeruginosa has relatively greater RAs, followed by Bartonella_bacilliformis_Ver075; Bordetella_pertussis_2356847; Brucella_melitensis_ADMAS-G1; Klebsiella_pneumoniae_LCT-KP182 and Corynebacterium_jeikeium_K411 respectively. Thus, chicken manure composting with BSFL addition is efficient technology for the organic waste recycling and conversion of sanitized matured compost with significantly less abundance of pathogenic bacteria.
Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.