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バイオ炭や堆肥で浄化された重金属汚染土壌における脱窒遺伝子の特徴と関連酵素活性
Characteristics of denitrification genes and relevant enzyme activities in heavy-metal polluted soils remediated by biochar and compost.
PMID: 32535466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139987.
抄録
脱窒は土壌中の窒素動態に影響を与える重要なプロセスである。本研究では、バイオ炭と堆肥を用いた重金属汚染土壌において、脱窒遺伝子(narG, nirK, nirS, nosZ)の存在量と亜硝酸還元酵素(S-NiR)、硝酸還元酵素(S-NR)の活性を測定した。物理化学的パラメータ、脱窒遺伝子量、酵素活性の関係をピアソン相関法により解析した。その結果、堆肥添加は機能性遺伝子(nirS, nosZ, narG)の発現量を有意に増加させ、nirKとnirSの発現量は堆肥とバイオ炭の添加に敏感である可能性が示唆された。堆肥やバイオ炭の添加は、S-NiR酵素活性を有意に低下させ、S-NiR酵素活性を刺激することが明らかになった。S-NiR活性と電気伝導度(EC),水溶性炭素(WSC),硝酸塩,アンモニウム,nirK,narG遺伝子量との間には負の関係が得られた。一方、S-NiR活性は土壌のEC,WSC,nirK遺伝子量と有意に正の相関を示した。バイオ炭や堆肥の改良は、重金属で汚染された土壌で脱窒機能遺伝子や関連酵素活性を変化させることにより、土壌窒素循環を変化させることができる。
Denitrification is an important process affecting nitrogen dynamics in soils. In this study, abundances of denitrification genes (narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ) and activities of nitrite reductase (S-NiR), nitrate reductase (S-NR) were measured in heavy-metal polluted soils with different amendments of biochar and compost. The relationships between physical-chemical parameters, denitrification gene abundance, and enzyme activity were analyzed by Pearson correlation method. Results showed that compost addition significantly increased the abundances of functional genes (nirS, nosZ, narG), and the abundances of nirK and nirS might be sensitive to compost and biochar addition. Compost addition and its combination with biochar significantly decreased the S-NiR enzyme activity and stimulated the S-NR enzyme activity. Negative relationships were obtained between S-NiR activity and electric conductivity (EC), water soluble carbon (WSC), nitrate, ammonium, nirK, narG gene abundances. While S-NR activity significantly positively correlated with soil EC, WSC and nirK gene abundance. Biochar and compost amendments can alter soil nitrogen cycling by changing denitrifying functional gene and relevant enzyme activities in soils polluted by heavy metals.
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