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生および食塩加工された Achyranthes bidentata は、エストロゲン様経路を介して活性酸素とアポトーシスを阻害することで、LPS誘発性の急性腎障害を減衰させます
Raw and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata attenuate LPS-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting ROS and apoptosis via an estrogen-like pathway.
PMID: 32574970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110403.
抄録
背景:
中国の伝統医学では、ラディックス・アキランティス・ビデンタタエは腎臓に栄養を与え、腎臓を保護することを示唆しており、塩処理をするとその効果が高まります。同じアキランサスの生根から、生のものと塩処理されたアキランサスビデンタータエは、異なる加工技術を経て生産されています。この植物の抗炎症作用や免疫調節作用は以前から確認されている。しかし、腎保護効果についての実験的証拠は乏しい。
BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine suggests that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae nourishes and protects the kidneys, the effect of which is enhanced following a salt treatment. Raw and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata are produced via different processing techniques from the same crude Achyranthes root. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of this plant have been verified earlier. However, there is a scarcity of experimental evidence for the renal-protective effects.
エイム:
本研究の目的は、マウスのリポ多糖類(LPS)誘発急性腎障害に対する生と食塩処理アキランの保護効果を比較し、その抽出物の化学的特徴を明らかにすることである。
AIM: The purpose of present study is to compare the protective effects of raw and salt-processed Achyranthes on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induced acute kidney injury in mice and chemically characterize their extracts.
方法:
METHOD: The monomer components of raw and salt-processed Achyranthes extracts were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aggregation and distribution of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) near infrared fluorescence probe in mice was examined with a small animal imaging systems. The pathological and morphological changes of kidneys were observed by H&E staining, and the serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels were used to evaluate the renal function. The levels of cytokines in serum were detected by cytometric bead array. Flow cytometry assay was performed to assess the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney cells, and cell surface marker expression including CD45, F4/80, and Ly-6G. The estrogenic activities of the raw and salt-processed Achyranthes were observed by uterine weight gain test in sexually immature mice. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels in the kidney.
結果:
化学分析の結果、食塩加工アキランサスは生のアキランサスに比べてジンセノサイドRoとチクセツサポニンⅣaの含有量が多いが、β-エシステロン、25R-イノコステロン、25S-イノコステロンの含有量に差はないことがわかった。組織学的研究では、生および食塩処理したAchyranthesは腎組織の炎症性浸潤、腫脹および液胞変性を著しく減少させ、ScrおよびBUNを減少させたことが示された。重要なことは、生と食塩加工のアキランthes抽出物は、LPS誘発性AKIに対して異なる程度の抑制効果を示し、食塩加工のアキランthesの方がより優れた抑制効果を示したことである。フローサイトメトリーの結果、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2を有意に阻害し、マクロファージ(CD45 + F4/80+)、好中球(CD45+ Ly-6G+)、貪食球の減少とともにIL-10を促進した。さらに、抽出物は、腎臓における活性酸素の蓄積およびアポトーシスを減少させ、また、アポトーシスマーカータンパク質TLR4、Bcl-2、Bax、開裂カスパーゼ3および開裂カスパーゼ9のレベルの発現を調節した。特筆すべきは、AKIマウスとLPS非処理マウスの腎組織において、ERα、ERβ、GPR30を増加させたことであった。その後の実験では、生および食塩処理したアキランthes抽出物は性成熟マウスの子宮係数を増加させ、LPSによるNRK52e細胞の生存率低下を改善し、アポトーシスを減少させることが判明した。
RESULTS: Chemical analysis showed that the salt-processed Achyranthes contained more ginsenoside Ro and chikusetsusaponin Ⅳa than the raw Achyranthes, but there was no difference in the contents of β-ecdysterone, 25R-inokosterone, and 25S-inokosterone.in vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging showed a significant reduced inflammation in the AKI mice. Histological studies showed that the raw and salt-processed Achyranthes markedly decreased the inflammatory infiltration, swelling and vacuolar degeneration in renal tissues and the Scr and BUN. Importantly, the raw and salt-processed Achyranthes extracts demonstrated different degrees of inhibition on the LPS-induced AKI, with salt-processed Achyranthes showing better inhibition. Results of flow cytometry showed a significant inhibition of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, and promoted IL-10, along with reduced macrophages (CD45 + F4/80+), neutrophils (CD45+ Ly-6G+) and phagocytes. Furthermore, the extracts reduced the accumulation of ROS and apoptosis in the kidney, and also regulated the expression of apoptosis marker proteins TLR4, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 9 levels. Notably, they increased ERα, ERβ, and GPR30 in the renal tissues of AKI mice and LPS non-treated mice. In the subsequent experiments, it was found that the raw and salt-processed Achyranthes extracts increased the uterine coefficient in sexually immature mice, improved the LPS-induced decrease in NRK52e cell viability, and reduced the apoptosis, which could be antagonized by ICI182, 780 (estrogen receptor-unspecific antagonist, Faslodex).
結論:
生および食塩加工アキランの腎保護効果は、エストロゲン様経路を介した抗アポトーシスおよび抗酸化機構を介して、免疫細胞を調節して炎症反応を調節することで示された。また、ギンセノサイドRoと筑雪サポニンIVaが食塩加工アキランサスの保護効果を高める重要な因子であることが明らかになった。
CONCLUSIONS: The renal-protective effect of raw and salt-processed Achyranthes was exhibited through antiapoptotic and antioxidant mechanisms via an estrogen-like pathway, along with a modulation of the inflammatory response by regulating immune cells. Ginsenoside Ro and Chikusetsu saponin IVa were found to be the key factors to enhance the protective effect of salt-processed Achyranthes.
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.