加速シミュレーションモードに基づく小型ガソリン車の排気ガスの排出特性

[Emission Characteristics of Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust Based on Acceleration Simulation Mode].

• Yan Xie
• Song-di Liao
• Man-Ni Zhu
• Yi-Ran Wang
• Ri-Chao Wang
• Li-Hang Zhang
• Fei Yu
• Zhuang-Min Zhong
• Li Bai
• Jiang-Rong Huang
• Jun-Wen Liu
• Jun-Yu Zheng

抄録

本研究では、排出基準の異なる小型ガソリン車127台と小型ガソリントラック10台を選定し、シャシーダイナモメータをベースとした携帯型排出ガス測定システムを用いて、加速シミュレーションモードでの二酸化炭素（CO）、一酸化炭素（CO）、窒素酸化物（NO）、炭化水素（HC）、メタン（CH）の排出特性に及ぼす条件や車両パラメータの違いによる影響を調べた。その結果，小型ガソリン車のガス状汚染物質の排出率は，アイドル状態では比較的低く，加速状態では22.9％，定速状態では25.8％に過ぎないことが明らかになった．汚染物質排出特性は作業条件と密接に関連していた．加速条件では，CO，NOの排出率は等速条件よりも低く，CO，HC，CHの排出率は等速条件よりも高くなっていた．一定低速条件では，CO，CO，NO，HC，CHの排出係数は，小型ガソリン車がそれぞれ383.20，2.98，1.60，0.14，0.03 g-km，小型ガソリントラックがそれぞれ360.66，2.64，1.61，0.0055，0.0027 g-kmであった。排出基準の強化により、排出量は大幅に削減されました。CO、NO、HC、CHの排出係数は、中国Ⅰから中国Ⅴでそれぞれ87.5％、97.3％、97.9％、86.4％減少した。また、年齢、走行距離計、車両重量、排出ガスの間には非線形な関係が見られた。また、エンジン排気量は排気ガスと正の相関があった。

In this study, 127 light-duty gasoline cars and 10 light-duty gasoline trucks with different emission standards were selected to explore the influences of different conditions and vehicle parameters on the emission characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO), hydrocarbons (HC), and methane (CH) using a portable emission measurement system based on a chassis dynamometer under acceleration simulation mode. The results showed that the gaseous pollutants of light-duty gasoline vehicles displayed a relatively lower emission rate under the idle condition, which accounted for only 22.9% and 25.8% of the emission rate at the accelerated condition and constant speed condition, respectively. The pollutant emission characteristics were closely related to the working conditions. The emission rates of CO and NO in the accelerated condition were less than those at the constant speed condition, while the emission rates of CO, HC, and CH in the accelerated condition were higher than those at the constant speed condition. In the constant low-speed condition, the emission factors of CO, CO, NO, HC, and CH were 383.20, 2.98, 1.60, 0.14, and 0.03 g·km for light-duty gasoline cars, respectively, and 360.66, 2.64, 1.61, 0.0055, and 0.0027 g·km for light-duty gasoline trucks, respectively. Tighter emission standards have caused significant reductions in emissions. The emission factors of CO, NO, HC, and CH could be decreased by 87.5%, 97.3%, 97.9%, and 86.4%, respectively, from China Ⅰ to China Ⅴ. A non-linear relationship was found between the age, odometer, vehicle weight, and vehicular emissions. In addition, the engine displacement was positively correlated with vehicular emissions.