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ポーランドにおける妊娠中の自己申告による口腔保健の知識と実践、およびその社会的決定要因。
Self-Reported Oral Health Knowledge and Practices During Pregnancy and Their Social Determinants in Poland.
PMID: 32618452 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a44442.
抄録
目的:
社会人口統計学的および妊娠関連因子が妊娠中の口腔保健態度に及ぼす影響、および適切な口腔習慣の主な予測因子を明らかにすること。
PURPOSE: To determine the effects of sociodemographic and pregnancy-related factors on oral health attitudes during pregnancy, as well as the main predictors of proper oral practices.
材料と方法:
2017年に産後3年までの女性を対象に、47問(単一または複数選択可)の質問からなる電子調査を実施した。社会人口統計学的データのほか、妊娠・出産の経過、妊娠中の口頭での知識や基本的な行動に関する情報を収集した。統計解析にはカイ二乗検定とスピアマンの順位相関係数を用いた。オッズ比を決定した。統計的有意水準は0.05とした。
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic survey consisting of 47 (single or multiple-choice) questions was conducted in women up to 3 years after childbirth in 2017. Sociodemographic data, as well as information on the course of pregnancy and delivery, oral knowledge and basic behaviours during pregnancy were collected. The Chi-square test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Odds ratios were determined. A statistical significance level of 0.05 was used.
結果:
出産後 3 年までの 13~45 歳の女性を対象に,合計 2480 件のアンケートを分析した.基本的な口腔保健と口腔習慣に関するすべての質問に、それぞれ20.8%と19.6%の回答者が正解した。適切な健康行動は、知識レベル(r = 0.155;オッズ比(OR)= 2.44;CI:1.93-3.07;p < 0.001)と妊娠前の歯科治療の利用(r = 0.187;OR = 2.88;CI:2.29-3.07;p < 0.001)とより強く相関していた。88; CI:2.29-3.63; p <0.001)ではなく、年齢(r = 0.144)、良好または非常に良好な財政状態(r = 0.110)、高レベルの教育(r = 0.081)、都市部での居住(r = 0.058)、または職業活動(r = 0.049)であった。歯科受診への出席は、妊娠中の一般的な状態(r = 0.052)と早産のリスク(r = 0.053)の場合の婦人科医の紹介と同様に、自分の安全に対する確信(r = 0.195; OR = 2.47; CI = 2.09-2.93; p < 0.001)に依存した。妊娠・出産に関連する他のパラメータの影響は確認されなかった。
RESULTS: A total of 2480 questionnaires completed by women aged between 13 and 45 years who were up to 3 years after delivery, were analysed. Correct answers to all questions regarding basic oral health and oral practices were obtained by 20.8% and 19.6% of respondents, respectively. Proper health behaviours were more strongly correlated with the level of knowledge (r = 0.155; odds ratio (OR) = 2.44; CI:1.93-3.07; p <0.001) and the use of dental care before pregnancy (r = 0.187; OR = 2.88; CI:2.29-3.63; p <0.001) rather than age (r = 0.144), good or very good financial status (r = 0.110), high level of education (r = 0.081), urban residence (r = 0.058) or occupational activity (r = 0.049). Attending dental visits depended on the conviction about their safety (r = 0.195; OR = 2.47; CI: 2.09-2.93; p <0.001) as well as gynaecologist's referral in the case of general conditions in pregnancy (r = 0.052) and the risk of premature birth (r = 0.053). No effects of other parameters associated with pregnancy or delivery were confirmed.
結論:
妊娠中の健康態度は、社会統計学的要因によって変化する。適切な健康行動の主な予測因子は、口腔保健に関する高いレベルの知識と、妊娠前の歯科治療の利用である。さらに、妊婦の歯科通院は、歯科通院の安全性に対する認識と、全身状態や早産のリスクがある場合の婦人科医の紹介に依存している。
CONCLUSION: Health attitudes during pregnancy are modified by sociodemographic factors. The main predictors of proper health behaviours include high level of knowledge on oral health and the use of dental care before conception. Furthermore, dental attendance among pregnant women depends on the awareness of the safety of dental visits and a gynaecologist referral in case of general condition and risk of premature birth.