戦闘経験、早期拉致、重度のトラウマ化の組み合わせは、ウガンダ北部の反乱戦争の拉致被害者の間で食欲攻撃と暴力を促進する

A combination of combat experience, early abduction, and severe traumatization fuels appetitive aggression and violence among abductees of rebel war in Northern Uganda.

• Anja C Zeller
• Daniela Conrad
• Anna Schneider
• Alexander Behnke
• Anett Pfeiffer
• Gerrit F Blum
• Sarah Wilker
• Thomas Elbert
• Iris-Tatjana Kolassa

抄録

暴力を振るう個人は、暴力を魅力的なものとして知覚する可能性が高く、快楽を得るために暴力を振るうことは食欲攻撃と呼ばれています。また、子どもの頃に武装集団に拉致された個人は、トラウマとなる出来事の種類が多く、トラウマとなる負荷を経験していることが多く、暴力を支持する環境で社会化されていることが多いと考えられます。本研究では、拉致時の年齢とトラウマ的負荷との間の相互作用と、元武装反乱軍団員の食欲攻撃性と暴力行為の加害に及ぼす影響を、男女ともに調査した。ウガンダ北部の反乱軍の元拉致被害者（戦闘経験のある者とない者を含む）を対象に、半構造化面接を実施した。参加者は女性596名、男性570名で、N=1,166名（M=32.58、SD=9.76、範囲：18-80歳）であった。我々は堅牢な線形回帰モデルを用いて、最初の拉致時の年齢、外傷性負荷、戦闘経験、生物学的性別が食欲攻撃性および彼らが犯した暴力行為に及ぼす影響を調査した。我々の研究では、若くして拉致され、生涯に何度か外傷的な出来事を経験し、戦闘経験のある人では、食欲攻撃性と加害的暴力行為の回数が特に増加することが示された。加害暴力については男性で増加が見られたのに対し、食欲攻撃性については生物学的性別とは無関係であった。したがって、外傷性負荷が高く、戦闘経験のある早期誘拐された人は、それ以上の暴力を防ぐために特別な介入を行う必要があります。

Individuals who perpetrate violence may likely perceive violence as appealing and infliction of violence to derive pleasure is termed as appetitive aggression. Individuals who were abducted as children into an armed group often experience a higher number of traumatic event types, that is traumatic load and are usually socialized in a violence-endorsing environment. This study aims to investigate the interaction between age at initial abduction with that of traumatic load, and their influence on appetitive aggression along with perpetration of violent acts by former members of an armed rebel group of both sexes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among a target group of formerly abducted rebel-war survivors (including participants with and without combat experience) from Northern Uganda. Participants included 596 women and 570 men with N =  1,166 (M   =  32.58, SD   =  9.76, range: 18-80 years). We conducted robust linear regression models to investigate the influence of age at initial abduction, traumatic load, combat experience, and biological sex on appetitive aggression as well as their perpetrated violent acts. Our study shows, appetitive aggression and the number of perpetrated violent acts were specifically increased in individuals who were abducted young, experienced several traumatic events in their lifetime, and with previous combat experience. For perpetrated violence men showed increased levels whereas for appetitive aggression the association was independent of biological sex. Therefore, early abducted individuals with a higher traumatic load, who have combat experience, need to be given special intervention to prevent any further violence.

© 2020 The Authors. Aggressive Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.