日本語AIでPubMedを検索
健康の社会的決定要因と医学的に複雑な幼児における定期的な小児科医療の役割
Social Determinants of Health and the Role of Routine Pediatric Care in a Medically Complex Toddler.
PMID: 32649593 DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000831.
抄録
CASE:
金曜日の午後遅く、新しい家族が緊急治療を受けに来た。末っ子のマイちゃんは2歳の女の子で、妊娠36週でアメリカで生まれたにもかかわらず、過去16ヶ月間ラオスで祖父母と一緒に暮らしていた。あなたのトリアージの看護師は、彼女が熱を持っていることを伝え、WIC(女性、乳児、および子供のための特別な補足栄養プログラム)のオフィスにいる間に深遠な貧血を持っていることが発見されたことを教えてくれます。彼女のバイタルは、発熱(102°F)、頻脈(140拍/分)、およびタキプネア(35呼吸/分)のために顕著であった。身体検査では、収縮期駆出雑音を伴ってうなり声をあげていたが、肝脾腫は認められなかった。臨床検査の結果,ヘモグロビン2.2g/dL,ヘマトクリット12%,平均赤血球容積50fL,赤血球分布幅27%,網状球数3%,フェリチン2ng/mL未満,鉄分15μg/dL,総鉄結合数420μg/dL,白血球数13.5K/μL,血小板数605K/μLであった.彼女の評価は重度の鉄欠乏性貧血(IDA)と一致していました。彼女は高出力心不全の状態で小児集中治療室に入院し、慎重なモニタリングを行いながら2日間かけて15 mL/kgの赤血球をゆっくりと輸血した。安定した後、彼女はさらなる栄養評価と栄養補給のために入院フロアに移された。ヘモグロビン電気泳動、便潜血検査、セリアック検査、便寄生虫検査などの追加検査は正常であった。臨床像は、重篤なIDAと栄養失調の設定でウイルス感染と一致していた。彼女の身長は54パーセンタイル(zスコア:0.11)であった、体重は最初のパーセンタイル(zスコア:-2.25)であり、体格指数は最初のパーセンタイル(zスコア:-3.18)、重度のタンパク質-カロリー栄養失調の診断を下回っていた。彼女は学際的な成長と栄養チームによって評価され、マルチビタミンとミネラルのサプリメントを受け、再給餌症候群のために監視された。彼女は、"従事することが困難であると指摘された"、"新しい顔に抵抗力がある"と彼女の食事の選択肢を拡大する上で少し進歩をした。自閉症スペクトラム障害の可能性のある診断についての懸念は、彼女の治療チームによって提起された。あなたなら次に何をしますか?
CASE: Late on a Friday afternoon, a new family presents to your practice for urgent care. They come with their youngest child Mai, a 2-year-old girl, who, although born in the United States at 36 weeks gestation, has resided in Laos with her grandparents for the past 16 months. Your triage nurse tells you that she has a fever and was found to have profound anemia while at the WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) office earlier today.On walking into the room, you describe Mai as "listless" and "sickly." Her vitals were notable for fever (102°F), tachycardia (140 beats per minute), and tachypnea (35 breaths per minute). On physical examination, she was grunting with a systolic ejection murmur and without hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory test results revealed hemoglobin of 2.2 g/dL, hematocrit of 12%, mean corpuscular volume of 50 fL, red cell distribution width of 27%, reticulocyte count of 3%, ferritin of <2 ng/mL, iron of 15 μg/dL, total iron binding count of 420 μg/dL, white blood cell count of 13.5 K/μL, and platelets of 605 K/μL. Her evaluation was consistent with severe iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which was further supported by reported restrictive diet and excessive cow milk intake of 35 ounces daily. She was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in high-output cardiac failure and was slowly transfused with 15 mL/kg of packed red blood cells over 2 days with careful monitoring. Once stabilized, she was transferred to the inpatient floor for further nutritional evaluation and supplementation. Additional workup, including hemoglobin electrophoresis, fecal occult blood test, celiac studies, and stool parasite testing were normal. The clinical picture was consistent with a viral infection in the setting of profound IDA and malnutrition.Although her clinical status had improved, she remained inpatient for nutritional optimization. Her height was at the 54th percentile (z-score: 0.11), weight was at the first percentile (z-score: -2.25), and body mass index was below the first percentile (z-score: -3.18), diagnostic of severe protein-calorie malnutrition. She was evaluated by an interdisciplinary growth and nutrition team, received multivitamin and mineral supplements, and was monitored for refeeding syndrome. She was noted to be "difficult to engage," "resistant to new faces," and made little progress on expanding her dietary choices. Concerns about a possible diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder were raised by her treating team. What would you do next?
参考文献:
1.Bouma S. 小児栄養不良の診断:病因関連の定義と指標の評価のパラダイムシフト。Nutr Clin Pract.2017;32:52-67.
REFERENCE: 1. Bouma S. Diagnosing pediatric malnutrition: paradigm shifts of etiology-related definitions and appraisal of the indicators. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017;32:52-67.