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COVID-19に感染した高齢者患者の予後に影響を与える危険因子:中国・武漢での臨床レトロスペクティブ研究
Risk factors influencing the prognosis of elderly patients infected with COVID-19: a clinical retrospective study in Wuhan, China.
PMID: 32651993 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103631.
抄録
コロナウイルス疾患2019(COVID-19)に感染した高齢者の死亡率は、全体の死亡率よりも有意に高かった。しかし、年齢以外にも、高齢者患者の高死亡率の主要な死亡危険因子は明らかにされていない。本レトロスペクティブ研究では、高齢のCOVID-19患者210例(年齢≧65歳)を対象とし、そのうち175例が退院し、35例が死亡した。死亡したすべての患者は、少なくとも1つの併存疾患を有していた。死亡した患者群では、退院群よりも心血管系疾患(49%対20%)、呼吸器系疾患(51%対11%)、慢性腎臓病(29%対5%)、脳血管系疾患(20%対3%)を有する患者の割合が有意に高かった。また、C反応性蛋白質(125.8mg/L vs. 9.3mg/L)、血中尿素窒素(7.2mmol/L vs. 4.4mmol/L)の値の中央値は退院群よりも死亡群の方が有意に高く、リンパ球数の中央値(0.7×10/L vs. 1.1×10/L)は退院群よりも有意に低かった。生存曲線解析の結果、C反応性蛋白質(5mg/L以上)の高値に加え、リンパ球、血中尿素窒素、乳酸脱水素酵素のいずれかの異常がCOVID-19感染高齢者の予後不良を有意に予測することが示された。この研究により、これらの高齢者患者の死亡の危険因子には、併存疾患、C反応性蛋白質と血中尿素窒素のレベルの上昇、および入院中のリンパ球減少症が含まれていることが明らかになった。
The mortality rate of elderly patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was significantly higher than the overall mortality rate. However, besides age, leading death risk factors for the high mortality in elderly patients remain unidentified. This retrospective study included 210 elderly COVID-19 patients (aged ≥ 65 years), of whom 175 patients were discharged and 35 died. All deceased patients had at least one comorbidity. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the deceased group had cardiovascular diseases (49% vs. 20%), respiratory diseases (51% vs. 11%), chronic kidney disease (29% vs. 5%) and cerebrovascular disease (20% vs. 3%) than that in the discharged group. The median levels of C-reactive protein (125.8mg/L vs. 9.3mg/L) and blood urea nitrogen (7.2mmol/L vs. 4.4mmol/L) were significantly higher and median lymphocyte counts (0.7×10/L vs. 1.1×10/L) significantly lower in the deceased group than those in the discharged group. The survival curve analysis showed that higher C-reactive protein (≥5mg/L) plus any other abnormalities of lymphocyte, blood urea nitrogen or lactate dehydrogenase significantly predicted poor prognosis of COVID-19 infected elderly patients. This study revealed that the risk factors for the death in these elderly patients included comorbidities, increased levels of C-reactive protein and blood urea nitrogen, and lymphopenia during hospitalization.