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ナイジェリア郊外の児童・青少年における幼少期の不利な経験、いじめ、自尊心、回復力、社会的支援、う蝕、口腔衛生との関連
Association between adverse childhood experiences, bullying, self-esteem, resilience, social support, caries and oral hygiene in children and adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria.
PMID: 32652974 PMCID: PMC7353770. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01160-0.
抄録
背景:
幼少期の不利な経験(ACE)やいじめは口腔の健康に悪影響を及ぼす。促進的資産(回復力、自尊心)と資源(知覚された社会的支援)は、それらの負の影響を改善することができる。本研究の目的は、口腔疾患(う蝕、う蝕合併症、口腔衛生不良)、ACE、いじめ被害との関連、および促進的資産や資源へのアクセスが口腔疾患に及ぼす影響を明らかにすることであった。
BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and bullying have negative effects on oral health. Promotive assets (resilience, self-esteem) and resources (perceived social support) can ameliorate their negative impact. The aim of this study was to determine the association between oral diseases (caries, caries complications and poor oral hygiene), ACE and bully victimization and the effect of access to promotive assets and resources on oral diseases.
方法:
これは、ナイジェリアのイレ・イフェで2019年10月から12月に実施された6~16歳の子どもたちを対象とした横断的な学校調査を通じて収集されたデータの二次分析である。アウトカム変数は、dmft/DMFT指数で測定された齲蝕、pufa/PUFA指数で測定された齲蝕合併症、口腔衛生指数-simplifiedで測定された口腔衛生不良であった。説明変数はACE、いじめ被害、回復力、自尊心、社会的支援であった。交絡因子は年齢、性、社会経済的地位であった。説明変数とアウトカム変数の間の関連をロジスティック回帰を用いて決定した。
METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of data collected through a cross-sectional school survey of children 6-16-years-old in Ile-Ife, Nigeria from October to December 2019. The outcome variables were caries, measured with the dmft/DMFT index; caries complications measured with the pufa/PUFA index; and poor oral hygiene measured with the oral hygiene index-simplified. The explanatory variables were ACE, bully victimization, resilience, self-esteem, and social support. Confounders were age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Association between the explanatory and outcome variables was determined with logistic regression.
結果:
データが完全な生徒1001人のうち、81人(8.1%)に口腔衛生不良、59人(5.9%)に虫歯があり、6人(10.2%)に合併症があった。また、679人(67.8%)の生徒がACEを1回以上、619人(62.1%)の生徒がいじめを1回以上受けたことがあった。ACEの得点中央値(四分位間距離[IQR])は1(3)、いじめ被害は1(5)、自尊心と社会的支援はそれぞれ22(5)と64(34)であった。レジリエンスの平均値(標準偏差)は31(9)であった。う蝕の存在と有意に関連していた因子は、自尊心(AOR:0.91、95%CI:0.85~0.98、p=0.02)と社会的支援(AOR:0.98、95%CI:0.97~1,00、p=0.02)の2つであった。う蝕の合併症と有意に関連する心理社会的因子はなかった。自尊心は口腔衛生不良と関連していた(AOR:1.09;95%CI:1.09~1.17;p=0.03)。
RESULTS: Of the 1001 pupils with complete data, 81 (8.1%) had poor oral hygiene, 59 (5.9%) had caries and 6 (10.2%) of those with caries had complications. Also, 679 (67.8%) pupils had one or more ACE and 619 (62.1%) pupils had been bullied one or more times. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) for ACE was 1(3), for bully victimization was 1(5), and for self-esteem and social support scores were 22(5) and 64(34) respectively. The mean (standard deviation) score for resilience was 31(9). The two factors that were significantly associated with the presence of caries were self-esteem (AOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.98; p = 0.02) and social support (AOR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-1,00; p = 0.02). No psychosocial factor was significantly associated with caries complications. Self-esteem was associated with poor oral hygiene (AOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.09-1.17; p = 0.03).
結論:
ACE、いじめの被害、児童・青年による促進的資産や資源へのアクセス、口腔の健康との間には複雑な関係があった。ACEやいじめ被害は口腔の健康問題とは関連していなかった。自尊心は虫歯や口腔衛生不良と関連していたが、その関係は逆であった。資源はう蝕の有病率の低下と関連していたが、促進的資産および資源はう蝕の合併症とは関連していなかった。
CONCLUSION: There was a complex relationship between ACE, bully victimization, access to promotive assets and resources by children and adolescents, and oral health. ACE and bully victimization were not associated with oral health problems. Though self-esteem was associated with caries and poor oral hygiene, the relationships were inverse. Promotive assets and resources were not associated with caries complications though resources were associated with lower prevalence of caries.