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救急部における憩室炎のポイントオブケア超音波診断のプロスペクティブ評価
A Prospective Evaluation of Point-of-Care Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Diverticulitis in the Emergency Department.
PMID: 32653332 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.017.
抄録
研究目的:
救急部(ED)における急性憩室炎の診断において,超音波フェローシップの訓練を受けた救急医と医師助手が行うポイントオブケア超音波検査の感度と特異度を,コンピュータ断層撮影(CT)検査と比較して評価した.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of point-of-care ultrasonography, performed by ultrasonographic fellowship-trained emergency physicians and physician assistants, compared with computed tomography (CT) scan in diagnosing acute diverticulitis in the emergency department (ED).
方法:
本研究は,2017 年から 2020 年の間に学術的な救急部で治療を受けた憩室炎が疑われる患者の便宜標本を対象としたプロスペクティブ観察研究である.ソノグラファーは臨床データ、検査結果、CTスキャン所見を盲検化した。超音波検査のフェローシップ研修を受けた救急医と医師助手の合計 19 名が超音波検査を実施した。急性憩室炎のポイントオブケア超音波診断は、憩室の周囲に5mm以上の腸壁の肥厚、周囲の周皮脂肪の増強、触診に対する超音波圧痛の存在と定義した。主要アウトカム指標は、憩室炎の診断におけるポイントオブケア超音波検査の感度、特異度、陽性予測値、陰性予測値であり、基準とされたCTと比較した。
METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of patients with suspected diverticulitis who were treated at an academic ED between 2017 and 2020. Sonographers were blinded to clinical data, laboratory results, and CT scan findings. A total of 19 ultrasonographic fellowship-trained emergency physicians and physician assistants performed the ultrasonographic examinations. Point-of-care ultrasonographic diagnosis of acute diverticulitis was defined as the presence of bowel wall thickening, greater than 5 mm, surrounding a diverticulum, enhancement of the surrounding pericolonic fat, and sonographic tenderness to palpation. The primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of point-of-care ultrasonography in the diagnosis of diverticulitis compared with CT, which was considered the criterion standard.
結果:
患者452人のデータを解析した。年齢中央値は60歳、54%が女性で、36%がCTスキャンで憩室炎と診断されていた。452人の患者のうち、ポイントオブケア超音波検査の偽陽性は13件(3%)、偽陰性は10件(2%)であった。全体的に、CTと比較して、ポイントオブケア超音波検査は、憩室炎の診断において感度92%(95%信頼区間88%~96%)、特異度97%(95%信頼区間94%~99%)、陽性予測値94%(95%信頼区間90%~97%)、陰性予測値96%(93%~98%)であった。
RESULTS: Data from 452 patients were analyzed. Median age was 60 years, 54% were women, and 36% had a diagnosis of diverticulitis based on CT scan. Of the 452 patients, there were 13 false-positive (3%) and 10 false-negative (2%) point-of-care ultrasonographic examinations. Overall, compared with CT, point-of-care ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 92% (95% confidence interval 88% to 96%), specificity of 97% (95% confidence interval 94% to 99%), positive predictive value of 94% (95% confidence interval 90% to 97%), and negative predictive value of 96% (93% to 98%) in the diagnosis of diverticulitis.
結論:
腹部憩室炎が疑われる救急患者を対象とした簡便なサンプルでは、超音波診断のフェローシップを受けた救急医と医師助手が行うポイントオブケア超音波検査は、CT検査と比較して感度と特異度が高く、急性腹膜憩室炎を診断するための画像モダリティとして使用できる可能性があると考えられた。
CONCLUSION: In a convenience sample of ED patients with suspected diverticulitis, point-of-care ultrasonography performed by ultrasonographic fellowship-trained emergency physicians and physician assistants could be used as an imaging modality for diagnosing acute diverticulitis, with high sensitivity and specificity compared with CT scan.
Copyright © 2020 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.