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SARS-CoV-2の長期感染は体の免疫状態を変化させた．
Long-term infection of SARS-CoV-2 changed the body's immune status.
PMID: 32659373 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108524.
抄録
COVID-19と呼ばれる疾患であるSARS-CoV-2関連肺炎の発生により、世界的にパンデミックが発生している。非重症患者における SARS-CoV-2 感染後の免疫反応を調べることは，疾患進行の理解を深めるのに役立つ可能性がある．我々は、SARS-CoV-2の中途半端な核酸検査陽性の入院中の212例と退院中の122例を含む334例のCOVID-19確定症例を収集し、入院患者と退院患者の間で特異的な抗体、免疫細胞、サイトカインの変化を比較した。入院患者は退院患者と比較して罹患期間が長かった．ウイルス負荷の分析は、核酸検査陽性期間の中央値18.5日で存在したSARS-CoV-2の長期または持続感染を説明した。血清分析の結果，特異的な抗N IgG抗体は2週間後に検出されたすべての患者で陽性であった．好中球，単球，NK細胞，CD4 T細胞が有意に増加したが，非重症入院患者からは長期感染後に総リンパ球とCD8 T細胞が減少した．さらにサイトカインを解析したところ，入院患者のIL-6，TNF-α，IFN-γ，IL-2，IL-4，IL-10が有意に高値を示し，CD4 T細胞の分化が亢進している可能性が示唆された．
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia, a disease called COVID-19, has caused a pandemic worldwide. To investigate the immune responses after infection of SARS-CoV-2 in non-critical patients may help to better understand the disease progression. We collected 334 confirmed COVID-19 cases including 212 still in hospital with nucleic acid test positive on halfway for SARS-CoV-2 and 122 discharged from hospital, compared specific antibodies, immune cells, and cytokine changes between the hospitalized and discharged patients. The hospitalized patients had a longer illness time compared with discharged patients. Analysis of viral loads explained long-term or persistent infection of SARS-CoV-2, which existed with the median time of 18.5 days of the positive nucleic acid test. Serum analysis showed that the specific anti-N IgG antibody was positive in all detected patients after infection of two weeks. Neutrophils, Monocytes, NK cells, and CD4 T cells significantly increased, while total lymphocytes and CD8 T cells decreased from non-critical hospitalized patients after longer-term infection. Further analysis of the cytokines showed that IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 from the hospitalized patients were significantly higher, indicating a potential of the increased CD4 T cell differentiation.
Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.