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芸術家の障害に関する知識が美的体験をどのように変えるのか?
How Does Knowledge About an Artist's Disability Change the Aesthetic Experience?
PMID: 32665805 PMCID: PMC7344139. DOI: 10.5709/acp-0292-z.
抄録
本研究では、「認知的習得」と「挑戦的な視覚芸術の意味を理解することによる報酬効果」の概念(Leder et al.さらに、作家の障害に関する情報が、鑑賞者の美的感情をどのように変化させるかを探った。重度の視覚障害を持つアマチュアアーティストが制作した作品(=32点)をデジタル複製したものを、美術の専門家ではない人(=145点)に見せた。鑑賞者は、自己評価尺度(Self-Assessment Manikin)を用いて、鑑賞者の美的評価(好感度と価値と理解)と美的感情を、価数、喚起度、優位度、起源、意義を評価した。その結果、作家の障害に関する知識は鑑賞に正の影響を与えたが、情報の影響は作品の種類によって調整され、彫刻とドローイングの場合にのみ有意であった(予備調査では、これらの技法を用いて制作された作品は写真よりも解釈が難しいと評価された)。従属変数である覚醒と有意性についても同様の結果が得られた。したがって、芸術家の障害に関する情報が美的体験に及ぼすプラスの影響は、主に作品が低検出性(何を描いているかを認識することが困難であるために作品を解釈することが困難であると定義される)で特徴づけられている場合に明らかになる。
Based on concepts of cognitive mastering and the rewarding effect of making sense of challenging visual art (taken from a psychological model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments of Leder et al., 2004), we hypothesised that viewers who have knowledge about an artist's disability will appreciate their ambiguous works more than viewers who do not have such knowledge. Additionally, we aimed to explore how information about the artist's disability changes the viewer's aesthetic emotions. We investigated the effect of information on the creator's visual disability on aesthetic experience in relation to three categories of visual art: photos, sculptures, and drawings. We showed digital reproductions of artworks ( = 32) produced by amateur artists with severe visual impairment to nonexperts in art ( = 145). Viewers assessed their aesthetic appreciation (understood as liking and value) and aesthetic emotions on the Self-Assessment Manikin scales for valence, arousal, dominance, origin, and significance. In accordance with our hypothesis, knowledge of the artists' disability had a positive influence on appreciation, but the effect of information was moderated by artwork category and was significant only in the case of sculptures and drawings (works created using these techniques were assessed in the preliminary study as more difficult to interpret than photos). A similar pattern of results was found for the dependent variables of arousal and significance. Therefore, the positive influence of information about the artists' disabilities on aesthetic experience is mainly revealed when the artworks are characterised by low detectability (defined as the difficulty in interpreting an artwork due to difficulty in recognizing what it depicts).
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