早産・低出生体重児と幼児期のう蝕との関係：症例対照研究および横断的研究のメタアナリシス

Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the case-control and cross-sectional study.

• Linan Shi
• Jinhai Jia
• Chunnian Li
• Caiyun Zhao
• Ting Li
• Hong Shi
• Xiaolin Zhang

抄録

幼児期う蝕（ECC）は、小児に最も多くみられる慢性感染症の一つである。効果的な予防と治療は小児歯科医にとって大きな負担であり、研究のホットスポットとなっている。これまで多くの研究で早産低体重児（LBW）とECCとの関係が検討されてきたが，その結果は一貫性のないものであった．本研究では、初めて早産児・低出生体重（LBW）とECCの関係を明らかにするために、エビデンスに基づいた研究を行った。データベースを検索した結果，2019年12月までの早産児，LBW，ECCの関係に関連する症例対照研究および横断的研究を対象とした。オッズ比（OR）と95％信頼区間（95％CI）に関するデータを抽出し、STATA 14.0ソフトウェアを用いて計算した。今回のメタ解析には合計 22 件の研究が含まれており、そのうち 9 件は ECC と早産との関係だけでなく、ECC と LBW との関係も調査した研究、7 件は早産と ECC との関係を調査した研究、6 件は LBW と ECC との関係を調査した研究であった。メタ解析の結果、早産はECCのリスクを有意に増加させた（OR＝1.59、95％CI：1.36～1.87）。LBWと正常出生体重の間では，ECCの発生率に差はなかった（OR = 1.12，95％CI：0.94～1.33）．また、LBWに関する調整ORのメタ解析結果は、原油OR（OR＝1.05、95％CI：0.71-1.57）と同様の結果であった。このメタアナリシスでは，早産はECCのリスクを有意に増加させることが示されたが，LBWはECCのリスク因子ではなかった．

Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases in children. The effective prevention and treatment are heavy burdens and study hotspots for pediatric dentists. Many studies had investigated the relationship between preterm, low birth weight (LBW) and ECC; however, the results were inconsistent. The present study was conducted with an evidence-based study to figure out the relationship between preterm, LBW and ECC for the first time. After searching the database, case-control and cross-sectional studies relevant to the relationship between preterm, LBW and ECC up to December 2019 were included. The data about odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted and calculated with STATA 14.0 Software. A total of 22 studies were included in this meta-analysis, 9 studies of which did not only explore the relationship between ECC with preterm, but also study the relationship between ECC and LBW, 7 studies of which explored the relationship between preterm and ECC, and 6 studies of which studied the relationship between LBW and ECC. The meta-analysis results showed that the preterm increased the risk of ECC (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.36-1.87) significantly. There was no difference between LBW and normal birth weight in the incidence of ECC (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.94-1.33). The meta-analysis results of adjustment OR about LBW were similar to the crude OR (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.71-1.57). This meta-analysis indicated that preterm increased the risk of ECC significantly; however, LBW was not a risk factor for ECC.

© 2020 The Author(s).