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顎関節矯正術後の顎関節クリックと疼痛障害の変化.歯列矯正第一アプローチと手術第一アプローチの比較
Changes in the temporomandibular joint clicking and pain disorders after orthognathic surgery: Comparison of orthodontics-first approach and surgery-first approach.
PMID: 32886686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238494.
抄録
本研究の目的は,顎関節症(TMD)の徴候や症状の変化に対する歯列矯正第一アプローチ(OFA)と手術第一アプローチ(SFA)の影響を調査し,両アプローチ間で術前・術後の歯列矯正治療期間と総治療期間を比較することであった.このレトロスペクティブ研究では、OFAとSFAで治療した不正咬合症の成人患者182名を募集し、年齢、性別、骨格分類、顎関節症(クリックや疼痛障害)の徴候・症状などの変数を、外科的矯正治療開始前と術後に記録した。顎関節症の徴候・症状の変化と治療期間を各アプローチ内で評価し、2つのアプローチ間で比較した。術後の顎関節症の徴候・症状に対する変数の影響を評価するために、二値ロジスティック回帰を行った。OFAとSFAでは術後の顎関節痛に有意な変化は認められなかったが、両アプローチでは術後の顎関節クリックに有意な減少が認められた。二値ロジスティック回帰によると、外科的矯正治療の種類(OFAまたはSFA)は術後顎関節クリックと疼痛の有意な危険因子ではなく、術後顎関節クリック(OR = 10.774, p < 0.001)と疼痛(OR = 26.876, p = 0.008)が治療開始前に存在した場合にのみ、術後顎関節クリックと疼痛の危険性が有意であった。治療期間については、SFA(21.1±10.3ヶ月)はOFA(34.4±11.9ヶ月)に比べて有意に短い治療期間を示した(p<0.001)。本研究の結果は、SFAを用いた外科的矯正治療が、従来のOFAを用いた外科的矯正治療と比較して、顎関節症に対する同等の効果と全体的な治療期間の短さから、顎変形症の治療の選択肢として実現可能であることを示唆している。
The purposes of this study were to investigate the influence of the orthodontics-first approach (OFA) and surgery-first approach (SFA) on changes in the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) and to compare pre- and postoperative orthodontic treatment duration and total treatment duration between the two approaches. This retrospective study recruited 182 adult patients with malocclusions treated with OFA and SFA and recorded variables such as age, gender, skeletal classification, and signs and symptoms of TMD (clicking and pain disorders) before the start of the surgical-orthodontic treatment and after surgery. Changes in the signs and symptoms of TMD and treatment duration were evaluated within each approach and compared between two approaches. A binary logistic regression was performed to assess the influence of the variables on the postoperative signs and symptoms of TMD. There were no significant postoperative changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain for OFA and SFA, whereas a significant reduction was found in TMJ clicking after surgery for both approaches. According to binary logistic regression, the type of surgical-orthodontic treatment (OFA or SFA) was not a significant risk factor for postoperative TMJ clicking and pain, and the risk of postoperative TMJ clicking and pain was significant only when TMJ clicking (OR = 10.774, p < 0.001) and pain (OR = 26.876, p = 0.008) existed before the start of the entire treatment, respectively. With regard to the treatment duration, SFA (21.1 ± 10.3 months) exhibited significantly shorter total treatment duration than OFA (34.4 ± 11.9 months) (p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that surgical-orthodontic treatment using SFA can be a feasible option of treatment for dentofacial deformities based on the equivalent effect on TMD and shorter overall treatment period compared to conventional surgical-orthodontic treatment using OFA.