歯周炎の有無による歯槽骨の三次元分析

Three-dimensional Analysis of Alveolar Bone With and Without Periodontitis.

抄録

目的:

本研究の目的は、歯周炎の有無にかかわらず、中国人被験者の歯槽骨密度と厚さを調査することである。

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the alveolar bone density and thickness in Chinese participants with and without periodontitis.

方法:

本研究はレトロスペクティブな横断的研究であり、コーンビームCT（CBCT）を用いて下顎臼歯部668本（歯周健康歯344本、歯周炎歯324本）周囲の歯槽骨量、骨密度、骨厚を評価した。年齢、性別、歯の種類、歯の側面、骨喪失の程度に関する比較統計検定を行った。有意水準はP < .05とした。

METHODOLOGY: This study was retrospective and cross-sectional in nature and used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate alveolar bone loss, bone density, and bone thickness around 668 mandibular molars (344 periodontally healthy teeth and 324 teeth with periodontitis). Comparative statistical tests were done related to the age, sex, tooth type, tooth side, and degree of bone loss. The significance level was set to be P < .05.

結果:

歯槽骨密度は健常群と歯周炎群で有意差があった（平均差=24.4 Hounsfield units; P=.007）。同様に、健常群の歯槽骨の厚さは、歯周炎群のそれよりも有意に高かった（4.2±1.1mmに対して4.6±1.8mm）。女性の歯は、健常群、歯周炎群ともに、男性と比較して有意に（P ˂ 0.001）高い骨密度を示した。しかし、健常群と比較すると、男性は女性よりも有意に（P. .05）歯の骨が厚かった。歯槽骨密度および厚さは、健常群および歯周炎群ともに、第一大臼歯と第二大臼歯で有意な差がみられた（P < 0.001）。また、歯槽骨の厚さは、骨量減少の程度によって有意差が認められた（P < 0.001）。

RESULTS: The alveolar bone density significantly differed between the healthy and periodontitis groups (mean difference = 24.4 Hounsfield units; P = .007). Similarly, the alveolar bone thickness of the healthy group was significantly higher than that of the periodontitis group (4.6 ± 1.8 mm compared to 4.2 ± 1.1 mm). Teeth in females demonstrated a significantly (P ˂ .001) higher bone density compared with males in both healthy and compromised groups. However, males showed a significantly (P ˂ .05) thicker bone of the teeth than females in relation to the healthy group. The alveolar bone density and thickness in both healthy and periodontitis groups significantly differed between the first and the second molars (P < .001). The alveolar bone thickness had a highly significant difference (P < .001) between the different degrees of bone loss.

結論:

歯槽骨の厚さおよび密度は、歯周病罹患歯で減少していた。

CONCLUSIONS: Alveolar bone thickness and density were reduced at periodontally diseased teeth.