7歳から11歳の視覚障害児における口腔衛生状態と関連因子．横断的研究

Oral Health Status and Related Factors in Children with Visual Impairment Aged 7-11 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study.

抄録

目的:

7～11 歳の視覚障害児の口腔衛生状態および関連因子を調査することを目的とした。

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate oral health, oral hygiene, and associated factors in children with visual impairment aged 7-11 years.

材料と方法:

この横断的研究は、2018年12月にテヘランで視覚障害児のために利用できる3つの学校すべてから選ばれた7-11歳の視覚障害児47人を対象に実施した。年齢、性別、視覚障害の状況、両親の教育レベル、自己申告による歯と歯肉の健康状態、口腔内の健康状態、食習慣に関する質問は、世界保健機関（WHO）の子ども向け口腔衛生質問票を用いて対面式で行った。臨床検査により，乳歯列（dmft）と永久歯列（DMFT）の虫歯，欠損，充填歯の指数を測定した．また，簡易型口腔衛生指数（OHI-S），プロービング時出血（BOP）も評価した．統計解析には、線形回帰検定とロジスティック回帰検定を用いた。

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 children with visual impairment aged 7-11 years who were selected from all three schools available for visually impaired children in Tehran in December 2018. Questions regarding age, gender, status of visual impairment, level of education of the parents, self-reported dental and gingival health, oral health, and dietary habits were asked face-to-face using the World Health Organization oral health questionnaire for children. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index for both primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions was determined by clinical examination. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were also assessed. Linear and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis.

結果:

70％以上の児童が歯と歯肉の健康状態に満足していた。毎日のブラッシングは 70.2%が行っていた。半数以上の児童が果物やジャム・はちみつを毎日摂取していた。dmft と DMFT の平均値はそれぞれ 2.85±3.21，0.81±1.15であった．OHI-Sの平均値は2.09±0.58であった。また，乳歯と永久歯にそれぞれ57.4%と34%の未修復のう蝕が認められた．BOPは78.7%の児童にみられた．過去12カ月間の歯痛とdmftスコアに有意な相関が認められた（P＜0.003）．毎日の歯磨きと OHI-S 指数は逆相関であった（P=0.02）．

RESULTS: Over 70% of the children were satisfied with their dental and gingival health. Daily brushing was reported by 70.2%. Over half of the children reported daily consumption of fruits and jam/honey. The mean dmft and DMFT scores were 2.85±3.21 and 0.81±1.15, respectively. The mean OHI-S was 2.09±0.58. Also, 57.4% and 34% of the children had unrestored caries in their primary and permanent teeth, respectively. BOP was seen in 78.7% of the children. A significant correlation was observed between toothache in the past 12 months and dmft score (P<0.003). Daily tooth brushing was inversely correlated with OHI-S index (P=0.02).

結論:

本結果は、視覚障害児の口腔保健プログラムの実施が急務であることを浮き彫りにした。

CONCLUSION: The results highlight an urgent need for implementation of oral health programs for visually impaired children.