降圧剤と高齢者の口腔内健康関連QOLの関連性。Amirkolaコホート研究の結果

Association between antihypertensive drugs and the elderly's oral health- related quality of life: Results of Amirkola cohort study.

抄録

背景:

高血圧は、世界で最も一般的な慢性疾患の一つである。高齢者における高血圧の有病率は増加傾向にある。高血圧の患者は生涯にわたって薬を服用しなければならない。本研究では、高齢者における降圧剤と口腔内健康関連QOLの関係を評価した。

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly is increasing. Patients with high blood pressure have to take medication throughout their lives. In this study, the relationship between antihypertensive drugs and oral health-related quality of life in the elderly was evaluated.

方法:

この修正横断研究は、Amirkola Health and Ageing Project（AHAP）の第2段階の一部であり、900人の高齢者を対象に実施された。参加者は、内科的治療を受けている高血圧患者300人、内科的治療を受けていない高血圧患者300人、正常血圧の患者300人であった。血圧を記録し，口腔乾燥症問診票と GOHAI（Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index）問診票を全員に実施した．得られたデータはSPSS 17で解析し，Student's t-test, ANOVA, chi square, Pearson correlation coefficient, logistic regression modelを使用した．p<0.05を統計的に有意とした。

Methods: This modified cross-sectional study, which is the part of the second phase of the Amirkola Health and Ageing Project (AHAP), was performed on 900 elderly people. Participants included 300 people with hypertension under medical treatment, 300 people with hypertension without medication and 300 people with normal blood pressure. All patients' blood pressure was recorded, and the standard xerostomia questionnaire and GOHAI questionnaire (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) was completed for all participants. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17, whereby student's t-test, ANOVA and chi square, Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression model were used. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

結果:

高血圧薬物治療群、高血圧薬物治療なし群、正常血圧群の平均GOHAIスコアは、それぞれ51.1±7.4、51.7±7.3、51.1±7.5で有意差なし（P=0.533）、口腔乾燥頻度は3群で有意差あり（P=0.008）、高血圧薬物治療群、正常血圧群で、口腔乾燥を認める頻度は3群間で有意差あり。降圧薬の中では、カルシウム拮抗薬（31.1％）、利尿薬（26.8％）の使用による口腔乾燥の頻度が最も高かった。

Results: The mean GOHAI score in the three studied groups: hypertensive under medication treatment, hypertensive without medication treatment and normal blood pressure (51.1±7.4, 51.7±7.3, 51.1±7.5, respectively) did not differ significantly (P=0.533).The frequency of xerostomia was significantly different in the three groups (P=0.008). Among the antihypertensive drugs, the highest rate of xerostomia was due to the use of calcium channel blockers (31.1%) and diuretics (26.8%).

結論:

本研究では、降圧剤は口腔乾燥と関連していたが、口腔衛生関連 QOL を低下させることはなかった。

Conclusion: In our study, although antihypertensive medications were associated with xerostomia, they did not decrease the oral health-related quality of life.