覚醒性ブラキシズムの有病率と関連因子：横断的研究

Probable awake bruxism - prevalence and associated factors: a cross-sectional study.

抄録

はじめに:

ブラキシズムは、歯ぎしりや食いしばりを特徴とする咀嚼筋の反復的な活動として定義され、覚醒時（覚醒ブラキシズム）または睡眠時（睡眠ブラキシズム）に発生することがある。

INTRODUCTION: Bruxism is defined as a repetitive activity of masticatory muscles, characterized by the clenching or grinding of the teeth, which can occur during wakefulness (awake bruxism) or during sleep (sleep bruxism).

研究の目的:

本研究の目的は、覚醒時ブラキシズムの有病率およびその関連因子を明らかにすることである。

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of awake bruxism and its associated factors.

方法:

対象は 18 歳から 60 歳の男女 50 名で、歯の摩耗、粘膜の傷、咬筋の肥大を観察する臨床検査と、顎関節症の症状、口腔 行動、生活習慣、不安レベル、睡眠の質を評価する自己記入式の質問票を提出された。

METHODS: Sample was composed by 50 participants of both genders, aged between 18 and 60 years, submitted to a clinical examination - to observe the presence of tooth wear, marks on the mucosa, or masseter muscles hypertrophy - and self-applied questionnaires, which evaluated the presence of TMD signs and symptoms, oral behaviors, lifestyles, anxiety level and sleep quality.

結果:

覚醒下ブラキシズムの有病率は48％であった。その存在は、TMDの徴候・症状の有無（p=0.002）、睡眠の質の低下（p=0.032）、頬粘膜の圧痕（p<0.001）、舌（p=0.011）と統計的かつ有意に関連していた。年齢、性別、社会的特徴、習慣（コーヒー摂取、喫煙、アルコール依存症、身体活動など）、歯の摩耗は、覚醒性ブラキシズムと有意な関連を示さない変数であった。

RESULTS: The prevalence of awake bruxism was 48%. Its presence was statistically and significantly associated with the presence of signs and symptoms of TMD (p= 0.002), poor sleep quality (p = 0.032), buccal mucosa indentations (p < 0.001) and tongue (p = 0.011). Age, gender, social characteristics, habits (such as coffee ingestion, smoking, alcoholism and physical activity) and tooth wear were variables that had no significant association with awake bruxism.

結論:

覚醒性ブラキシズムは高い有病率を示し、顎関節症の徴候や症状、最悪の睡眠の質と正の相関があることが結論づけられた。また、覚醒性ブラキシズムは、頬粘膜の圧痕があり、口腔内の習慣や口腔内行動が高い割合で見られる人に発生しやすいと考えられる。

CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that awake bruxism shows a high prevalence and a positive association with signs and symptoms of TMD and worst sleep quality. In addition, awake bruxism is more likely to occur in individuals who have buccal mucosa indentation and who present high rates of oral habits and oral behaviors.