中高年者における歯周病有病率とその影響要因の検討

Prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly patients and its influencing factors.

抄録

目的:

中高年の歯周病有病率およびその影響因子について検討する。

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly patients and analyze its influencing factors.

方法:

2019年1月から2022年1月に杭州市富陽区中医病院口腔科に入院した患者521人を研究対象としてレトロスペクティブに収集し、その内訳は35-44歳の患者176人、45-64歳の患者175人、65-74歳の患者170人であった。地域歯周病指数（CPI）プローブを用いて歯肉出血、歯周ポケット、アタッチメントロスを検出し、歯周病の有病率とその影響因子を分析した。

METHODS: A total of 521 patients admitted to the Department of Stomatology of Fuyang District Chinese Medicine Hospital of Hangzhou from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected as study subjects, including 176 patients aged 35-44 years old, 175 patients aged 45-64 years old, and 170 patients aged 65-74 years old. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe was used to detect gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets and attachment loss, and the prevalence of periodontal disease and its influencing factors were analyzed.

結果:

35～44歳では，歯肉出血が165例（93.75％），歯石が176例（100.00％），45～64歳では，歯肉出血が163例（93.14％），歯石が161例（92.00％），65～74歳では，歯肉出血が150例（88.24％），歯石が162例（95.29％）に検出された．浅い歯周ポケット，深い歯周ポケット，歯根膜の喪失の検出率は，3 群間で統計的に有意な差が認められた（<0.05）．また，歯周炎の発見率も3群間で有意差があった（<0.05）．単変量解析では，性別，年齢，居住地，喫煙，飲酒，歯磨き頻度，過去1年間の歯のクリーニングの有無が歯周炎の発生と関連した（<0.05）．また，ロジスティック多因子回帰分析の結果，中高年者では年齢が歯周炎発症の危険因子であることが示された（<0.05）．

RESULTS: In the age group of 35-44, gingival bleeding was detected in 165 (93.75%) cases and dental calculus was detected in 176 (100.00%) cases; in the age group of 45-64, gingival bleeding was detected in 163 (93.14%) cases and dental calculus was detected in 161 (92.00%) cases; in the age group of 65-74, gingival bleeding was detected in 150 (88.24%) cases and dental calculus was detected in 162 (95.29%) cases. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of shallow periodontal pockets, deep periodontal pockets, and loss of periodontal attachment among the three groups (<0.05). There wasalso asignificant difference in the detection rate of periodontitis among the three groups (<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, place of residence, smoking, alcohol consumption, brushing frequency, and dental cleaning in the past year were all associated with the occurrence of periodontitis (<0.05). Logistic multi-factor regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for the development of periodontitis in middle-aged and elderly patients (<0.05).

結論:

中高年者の歯周病有病率は高く，歯肉出血や歯周ポケットの浅さが認められた．年齢は，中高年者の歯周炎発症に影響を及ぼす要因である．

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals is high, with a high prevalence of gingival bleeding and shallow periodontal pockets. Age is an influencing factor on the incidence of periodontitis in middle-aged and elderly individuals.