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喫煙と歯周炎との関連における所得格差:東京都区部における横断的な分析結果
Income-related inequalities in the association of smoking with periodontitis: a cross-sectional analysis in Tokyo Metropolitan Districts.
PMID: 36241924
抄録
目的:
社会経済的地位(SES)と喫煙は歯周炎のリスクファクターであるが、その相互作用は明らかにされていない。我々は、SESと喫煙の修飾が歯周病状態に及ぼす影響を調査した。
OBJECTIVE: Socio-economic status (SES) and smoking are risk factors for periodontitis; however, their interaction has not been determined. We investigated the effect of modification of SES and smoking with periodontal conditions.
材料と方法:
首都圏在住の1033人の社会的背景、喫煙状況、歯科検診に関するデータを分析した。結果は、残存歯数、プロービングポケット深度(PPD)≧4mmおよび≧6mmの歯の割合であった。多段階線形回帰分析およびポアソン回帰分析を行い、居住地域の平均所得で評価されるSESなどの交絡因子の可能性を調整した。
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on the social background, smoking status, and dental examination of 1033 individuals residing in the Tokyo Metropolitan District were analyzed. The outcomes were the number of remaining teeth and the proportion of teeth with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm and ≥ 6 mm. Multilevel linear and Poisson regression analyses were performed after adjusting for possible confounding factors, including SES, assessed by the average income of the residential area.
結果:
平均残存歯数は24.6±4.8本、PPD≧4mmおよび≧6mmの歯の割合はそれぞれ31.2±28.5%および12.2±18.1%であった。交絡因子を調整した結果、低所得者層は高所得者層に比べて、歯数が有意に少なく(係数:-0.46、95% CI-0.89, 0.02, p=0.039) 、PPD≧4mmの歯の割合が高かった(平均値の比:1.22、95% CI 1.03-1.44, p=0.013).有意な相互作用が観察された。歯周炎における所得の不平等は、現在喫煙者においてのみ有意であった。
RESULTS: The mean number of remaining teeth was 24.6 ± 4.8, and the proportion of teeth with PPD ≥ 4 mm and ≥ 6 mm was 31.2 ± 28.5% and 12.2 ± 18.1%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the lowest-income population had significantly lesser teeth (coefficient: - 0.46, 95% CI - 0.89, 0.02, p = 0.039) and a higher proportion of teeth with PPD ≥ 4 mm than the highest-income population (ratio of means: 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.44, p = 0.013). Significant interactions were observed; income inequalities in periodontitis were significant only among current smokers.
結論:
社会経済的地位の不平等は、口腔保健の不平等と関連している。喫煙が歯周炎に及ぼす悪影響は、低所得者層でより大きいかもしれない。
CONCLUSION: Inequality in socio-economic status is associated with oral health inequalities. The adverse effects of smoking on periodontitis might be greater in the low-income population.
臨床的関連性:
低所得者層、特に現在の喫煙者は、高所得者層よりも有意に口腔の健康が損なわれていた。口腔衛生の不平等を解消するためには、禁煙の重視に加え、歯科医療に対する国民皆保険の普及が必要である。
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The low-income population, especially current smokers, had significantly more compromised oral health than the high-income population. In addition to the emphasis on smoking cessation, the promotion of universal health coverage for dental care is necessary to reduce oral health inequalities.