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急性歯原性感染症患者の気道管理における術前CT所見の有用性:後方視的研究
Usefulness of preoperative computed tomography findings for airway management in patients with acute odontogenic infection: a retrospective study.
PMID: 36279070
抄録
歯原性感染症は、非歯原性感染症に比べて気道に影響を及ぼしやすく、挿管に支障をきたしやすい。麻酔科医は挿管の難易度を予測し、その方法を決定するが、予期せぬ挿管困難症例に遭遇することもある。不適切な挿管は、咽頭や喉頭の損傷による出血や浮腫による気道閉塞を引き起こす可能性がある。本研究は、適切な挿管法の術前選択を示す最も重要な画像所見を明らかにするために行われた。このレトロスペクティブ研究は、歯原性感染症に対して抗炎症治療を受けた113名の患者を対象とした。患者は挿管方法によって、マッキントッシュ喉頭鏡(45例)とその他(ビデオ喉頭鏡とファイバースコープ)(68例)の2群に分けられた。各原因歯の炎症の範囲,炎症の重症度(S1-4),気道への影響をCTで評価した.原因歯は90%以上が下顎臼歯であった。炎症の重症度が高くなるにつれて、麻酔科医はマッキントッシュ喉頭鏡以外の挿管法を選択する傾向にあった。最も重症の症例(S4)では、麻酔科医はマッキントッシュ喉頭鏡(9例)よりも他の挿管法(33例)を有意に好んだ。S4の全例で傍咽頭腔に炎症が認められ、41例で気道が侵されていた。下顎臼歯は、気道およびその周辺に影響を及ぼしやすい原因歯であった。臨床所見に加えて、術前のCTで傍咽頭腔に広がった炎症の有無が、挿管困難性の重要な指標と考えられた。
Odontogenic infection is more likely to affect the airway and interfere with intubation than non-odontogenic causes. Although anesthesiologists predict the difficulty of intubation and determine the method, they may encounter unexpected cases of difficult intubation. An inappropriate intubation can cause airway obstruction due to bleeding and edema by damaging the pharynx and larynx. This study was performed to determine the most important imaging findings indicating preoperative selection of an appropriate intubation method. This retrospective study included 113 patients who underwent anti-inflammatory treatment for odontogenic infection. The patients were divided into two groups according to the intubation method: a Macintosh laryngoscope (45 patients) and others (video laryngoscope and fiberscope) (68 patients). The extent of inflammation in each causative tooth, the severity of inflammation (S1-4), and their influence on the airway were evaluated by computed tomography. The causative teeth were mandibular molars in more than 90%. As the severity of inflammation increased, anesthesiologists tended to choose intubation methods other than Macintosh laryngoscopy. In the most severe cases (S4), anesthesiologists significantly preferred other intubation methods (33 cases) over Macintosh laryngoscopy (9 cases). All patients with S4 showed inflammation in the parapharyngeal space, and the airway was affected in 41 patients. The mandibular molars were the causative teeth most likely to affect the airway and surrounding region. In addition to clinical findings, the presence or absence of inflammation that has spread to the parapharyngeal space on preoperative computed tomography was considered an important indicator of the difficulty of intubation.