タンザニアの子供たちの齲蝕パターン：全国口腔衛生調査

Dental Caries Pattern Amongst Tanzanian Children: National Oral Health Survey.

抄録

背景:

幼児や青少年におけるう蝕は、経済発展途上国や経済移行期における公衆口腔衛生の課題である。本研究では、2020年全国口腔衛生調査結果に基づき、5歳、12歳、15歳のタンザニア人の乳歯列と永久歯列におけるう蝕の人口動態パターンを提示する。

BACKGROUND: Dental caries in young children and adolescents is a public oral health challenge in countries with developing economies and economic transition. This study presents a demographic pattern of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition of 5-, 12-, and 15-year-old Tanzanians based on the 2020 National Oral Health Survey findings.

方法論（METHODS:

本調査は、タンザニアの第5回全国口腔保健調査のデータに基づくクロスセクション研究である。世界保健機関（WHO）の口腔保健調査プロトコルを用いて、う蝕と基本的な人口統計に関するデータを収集した。分析は、SPSSコンピュータプログラムバージョン23を使用し、乳歯列のDecayed extracted filled teeth/Decayed Missing Filled Teeth in permanent dentitionの割合と平均う蝕経験をまとめ、カイ二乗統計と二元ロジスティック回帰で差異を評価し、う蝕と選択した人口統計特性との関連を決定しました。

METHODS: This is a cross-section study based on data from Tanzania's 5th National Oral Health Survey. Data on dental caries and basic demographics were collected employing World Health Organization Oral Health Survey protocols. Analysis was done using the SPSS computer programme version 23, and proportions and mean dental caries experiences in Decayed extracted filled teeth in primary dentition/Decayed Missing Filled Teeth in permanent dentition were summarised and chi-square statistics and binary logistic regression assessed the differences and determined the association between dental caries and the selected demographic characteristics.

結果:

調査対象者は2187名で、42.4％が農村部出身、50.7％が女性であった。全体の齲蝕有病率は17％で、特に5歳、12歳、15歳では、それぞれ43.2％、20.5％、25.5％であった。むし歯の割合は、5歳、12歳、15歳でそれぞれ98.4％、89.8％、91.4％であった。12歳と15歳のDMFTの平均値（SD）はそれぞれ0.40（0.27）、0.59（1.35）であった。都市部の参加者は、農村部の参加者と比較して、う蝕経験のオッズが有意に低かった（オッズ比、0.62、95％信頼区間0.45-0.84）一方で、15歳は12歳よりう蝕経験のオッズが高かった。

RESULTS: The survey included 2187 participants; 42.4% were from rural areas and 50.7% were female. Overall caries prevalence was 17%, specifically 43.2%, 20.5%, and 25.5% amongst 5-, 12- and 15-year-olds, respectively. Decayed teeth components were 98.4%, 89.8%, and 91.4% amongst 5-, 12-, and 15-year-olds, respectively. Overall mean (SD) DMFT amongst 12- and 15-year-olds were 0.40 (0.27) and 0.59 (1.35), respectively. Urban participants had significantly lower odds of dental caries experience (odds ratio, 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.84) compared with rural participants, whilst the 15-year-olds had higher odds of dental caries experience than the 12-year-olds.

結論:

乳歯列におけるう蝕の有病率は高かった。Def/DMFTの構成要素である虫歯の割合は、欠損歯や充填歯の構成要素に比べて最も高かった。高齢の青年と地方出身者は、う蝕経験の確率が高かった。

CONCLUSION: Dental caries prevalence in primary dentition was high. The proportion of decayed teeth components of def/DMFT was the highest compared with that of missing and filled teeth components. Older adolescents and those from rural areas had higher odds of dental caries experience.