歯周炎と全身疾患との関係における酸化ストレスの役割

Role of oxidative stress in the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases.

抄録

歯周炎は一般的な炎症性疾患である。歯周炎は歯の支持構造の破壊を特徴とし、歯の喪失と全身性炎症につながる可能性がある。炎症を起こした歯肉組織内の細菌と病原因子は血流に入り、全身性の炎症反応を誘導することが可能であるため、心血管疾患、糖尿病、慢性腎臓病、肝障害など多くの疾患の病態過程に影響を及ぼす。疾患発症における酸化ストレスと炎症の複雑な相互作用を示す証拠が増えている。歯周炎が発生すると、活性酸素の蓄積が増加し、酸化ストレスが生じる。酸化ストレスは、DNA、タンパク質、脂質などの主要な細胞成分の損傷を引き起こす。本稿では、歯周病における酸化ストレス、歯周炎と全身性炎症の関係、および歯周病治療が酸化ストレスパラメーターに及ぼす影響に焦点を当てる。

Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease. It is characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth and could lead to tooth loss and systemic inflammation. Bacteria in inflamed gingival tissue and virulence factors are capable of entering the bloodstream to induce systemic inflammatory response, thus influencing the pathological process of many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, as well as liver injury. An increasing body of evidence show the complex interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation in disease pathogenesis. When periodontitis occurs, increased reactive oxygen species accumulation leads to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress contributes to major cellular components damage, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. In this article, the focus will be on oxidative stress in periodontal disease, the relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, and the impact of periodontal therapy on oxidative stress parameters.