歯列、歯列弓、歯列異常の蔓延

PREVALENCE OF DENTITION, DENTAL ARCHES AND DENTAL ANOMALIES.

抄録

不正咬合は子供のQOLに悪影響を及ぼします。重度の不正咬合を持つ患者は、笑顔が減り、笑顔を改善する方法を探す傾向がある。この研究は、年齢や性別に関係なく、矯正治療を受けるために歯科医院を訪れた3歳から18歳の患者400人を対象に行われた。研究の目的は、受診者の咬合、歯列弓、歯列異常の有病率であり、最も多いのは複合咬合異常、機能障害、むし歯、充填歯、歯周病であった。調査結果によると、受診者の大半は女性であった。咬合異常の中では、咬合クラスIIサブクラスIが最も高い頻度で検出された。受診者の約11％に顎口腔系の機能障害が認められた。受診者の6％に歯冠形状の異常が認められた。6.25％に小歯列症、5.5％に大歯列症が認められた。1.17％に病的磨耗、24.55％にエナメル質低形成が認められた。1％に過剰歯が認められ、そのうち中切歯間の過剰歯は0.75％、その他の部位の過剰歯は0.25％であった。3.25％の症例で持続歯。5％の埋伏歯は1本または数本が同時に埋伏している。26.75％の症例に1本以上の反対咬合の姿勢が認められる。19.75％に顎変形症が認められた。ほとんどの患者は女性であり、これは患者とその親が顔の審美性を性別と結びつけて考えているためである。ほとんどの患者は、審美的に顕著であり、他人に認識されやすい咬合異常の場合に歯科矯正を行う。研究対象の社会では、歯周病、う蝕、充填歯の割合が高いことからわかるように、口腔の健康と口腔ケア技術はあまり重要視されていない。幼稚園、学校、公共の集会所、歯科診療所などで教育イベントを実施することにより、口腔衛生の重要性に関する知識レベルを向上させることが可能である。

Malocclusion can have a negative impact on children's quality of life. Patients with severe malocclusions tend to smile less and look for ways to improve their smile. The mentioned study was conducted in 400 patients aged 3 to 18 years, who applied to the dental clinic for orthodontic treatment regardless of age and gender. The aim of the study was the prevalence of occlusion, dental arches and dental anomalies, most often combined occlusion anomalies, functional disorders, carious and filled teeth and periodontal diseases in the examined patients. According to the results of the research, it was established that the majority of the examined patients were female. Among occlusion anomalies, occlusion class II subclass I was detected with the highest frequency. Almost 11% of the examined had a functional disturbances oral and maxillofacial system. 6% of the examined have an anomaly of the shape of the crown of the teeth. 6.25% of cases have microdontia and 5.5% have macrodontia. 1.17% showed pathological wear and 24.55 enamel hypoplasia. 1% supernumerary tooth, of which 0.75% supernumerary tooth between central incisors, 0.25% supernumerary tooth in other area. Persistent tooth in 3.25% of cases. 5% of retentive teeth are one or several teeth at the same time. 26.75% have one or more dystopian postures. Diastema was detected in 19.75%. Most of the examined patients were female, which is explained by the perception of patients and their parents regarding facial aesthetics in relation to gender. Most of the patients turn to orthodontics in cases of occlusal anomalies that are more aesthetically pronounced and easily perceived by others. In the studied society, oral health and oral care skills are given less importance, as evidenced by high rates of periodontal diseases, caries, and filled teeth. In the mentioned population, it is very important to raise the level of knowledge of the importance of oral health, which is possible by conducting educational events in kindergartens, schools, public gathering places, dental clinics.